基于地表水循环遥感观测的黑河流域水平衡分析  

Water balance analysis based on remote sensing observation of surface water cycle in the Heihe River watershed

作　　者：闫柏琨 李文鹏[3] 甘甫平 郑跃军[3] 祁晓凡[3] 白娟 郭艺 吴艳红 王龙凤 马燕妮 YAN Bokun;LI Wenpeng;GAN Fuping;ZHENG Yuejun;QI Xiaofan;BAI Juan;GUO Yi;WU Yanhong;WANG Longfeng;MA Yanni(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Natural Resources,Beijing 100083,China;Key Laboratory of Aero Geophysical and Remote Sensing Geology,Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China,Beijing 100083,China;China Institute of Geo-Environmental Monitoring,Beijing 100081,China;Aerospace Information Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]中国自然资源航空物探遥感中心,北京100083 [2]自然资源部航空地球物理与遥感地质重点实验室,北京100083 [3]中国地质环境监测院,北京100081 [4]中国科学院空天信息创新研究院,北京100094

出　　处：《水文地质工程地质》2022年第3期44-56,共13页Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology

基　　金：中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20221642-3,DD20190322);国家自然科学基金重大研究计划重点支持项目(91025019)。

摘　　要：流域内水循环各环节的水量及其时空分布是不断变化的,掌握流域水循环与水平衡状况是进行流域水资源合理开发利用的重要基础。以2000—2019年黑河流域水文显著变化期为研究时段,综合应用TRMM与GPM卫星观测的降水量、遥感估算的蒸散发量等数据并结合气象站点、水文站点等观测数据,对流域降水、蒸散发与径流等水循环要素的水平衡进行了分析。结果表明:祁连山区是主要产流区,向中游年均下泄水量约为45.11×10^(8) m^(3)。其中,消耗于中游的年均量约为29.92×10^(8) m^(3),约占66%;补充下游的年均量约为15.19×10^(8) m^(3),约占34%。民乐—张掖盆地是黑河中游水资源消耗的主要区域,年均消耗的上游来水和当地降水量达43.97×10^(8) m^(3),约占中游消耗量的75%;中游农田蒸散发年均消耗水量约20.3×10^(8) m^(3),占总消耗量的35%;上游区降水量增加是黑河干流出山口径流量增加的主因,对径流量增加的贡献率为96%,导致年均径流增加0.35×10^(8) m^(3),潜在蒸散发对径流增加几乎没有贡献。根据目前黑河干流上游径流量变化与中游水资源消耗现状,如果未来水文周期变化导致上游径流减少,中下游用水矛盾凸显的风险较大。地表水循环遥感观测可作为流域水平衡分析的方法之一,分析流域地表水水资源的空间分布状况、揭示水资源变化趋势与原因,支撑水资源合理配置,陆面实际蒸散发是水平衡分析不确定性的主要来源,准确估测不同类型下垫面实际蒸散发量是提升分析可靠性的关键。基于互补相关的陆面实际蒸散发估算方法相对简单,但其中用于计算湿环境蒸散发量的Priestley-Taylor公式中乘性经验系数受地形影响空间变异很大,区域上采用统一数值会对结果造成不可忽视的影响。Water cycle in a basin is constantly changing.It is an important basis for the allocation of water resources to survey the state of water cycle and analyze the water balance.The significant hydrological change period of the basin from 2000 to 2019 is taken as the research period in this study,and the data,including TRMM and GPM satellite precipitation,remote sensing evapotranspiration,in situ data of meteorological and hydrological gauges,are synthetically used to analyze the water cycle balance of the watershed.The results show that(1)the Qilian mountain area is the main runoff producing area,with an average annual discharge of about 45.11×10^(8) m^(3) to the middle reaches,and the middle reaches is the main consumption area of the runoff water resources.About 66%(29.92×10^(8) m^(3))of the upstream incoming water is used in the middle reaches,and about 34%(15.19×10^(8) m^(3))is used to supplement the downstream area.(2)The Minle-Zhangye basin is the main consumption area of water resources in the middle reaches,with an average annual consumption of about 43.97×10^(8) m^(3) including water from upper reaches and precipitation at local area(accounting for 75%of the consumption in the middle reaches),and the evapotranspiration consumption of farmland in the middle reaches is about 20.3×10^(8) m^(3)(accounting for 35%of the evapotranspiration water in the middle reache areas).(3)The increase in precipitation of the upper reach is the main reason for the increase in runoff in the upper reaches of the main stream of the Heihe River.The contribution rate of precipitation to the increase of runoff is 96%,resulting in an average increase of runoff of 0.35×10^(8) m^(3)/a,and potential evapotranspiration has little contribution to the increase of the runoff.(4)According to the current water resource consumption,if the upstream runoff decreases in the future,there will be a risk of prominent contradiction between water used for agricultural development in the middle reaches and water used for ecological protection in

关 键 词：水资源 水文 降水 蒸散发 径流 水循环 水平衡 

分 类 号：P333.1[天文地球—水文科学]