玄武岩封存CO_(2)技术方法及其进展  

Research progress on key technologies of CO_(2) storage in basalts

作　　者：李万伦[1] 徐佳佳 贾凌霄[1] 马冰[1] 陈晶[1] LI Wanlun;XU Jiajia;JIA Lingxiao;MA Bing;CHEN Jing(Geological Literature Center of China Geological Survey,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局地学文献中心,北京100083

出　　处：《水文地质工程地质》2022年第3期164-173,共10页Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology

基　　金：碳中和与碳管理地质数据汇聚与应用(DD20221822)。

摘　　要：玄武岩封存CO_(2)为碳捕集与封存(CCS)提供了一种新的具有潜在意义的选择。当今世界上已有三个示范工程案例,即日本Nagaoka、美国Wallula和冰岛Carbfix,这些实例初步证实了CO_(2)玄武岩封存的技术和经济可行性。玄武岩封存CO_(2)相关技术研究进展包括:(1)Carbfix项目采用水溶液替代胺溶剂来捕集烟气中的CO_(2)气体,以便同时对CO_(2)和其他可溶于水的气体进行捕获,而在排放点源只需简单加装水洗塔等设备作为气体分离装置;(2)冰岛提出了适用于CO_(2)饱和溶液注入与封存的Carbfix方法,设计出能分别注入气体和水溶液的专用系统;(3)Carbfix在注入与封存CO_(2)过程中首次采用示踪元素监测方法,并通过质量平衡方法定量估算注入CO_(2)发生碳酸盐化的百分比,发现往玄武岩里注入CO_(2)不到2年就有95%被完全矿化。今后仍需进一步研究的技术问题包括:(1)CO_(2)饱和溶液与超临界CO_(2)两种注入形式如何选择;(2)能否用海水替代淡水溶解CO_(2);(3)如何提高地球化学模拟的准确性;(4)如何降低碳捕集、分离和运输环节成本。相关探讨对我国利用基性超基性岩进行CO_(2)封存具有一定借鉴意义。Geological storage of CO_(2) in basalts provides a new and potentially significant option for carbon capture and storage(CCS).So far,there are only three demonstration projects in the world,namely Nagaoka in Japan,Wallula in the United States of America and Carbfix in Iceland.These examples have confirmed the technical and economic feasibility of geological storage of CO_(2) in basalts.The main progress achieved on the technology of CO_(2) capture and storage in basalts are as follows(1)CO_(2) in flue gas can be better captured by using aqueous solution instead of amine solvent,so that CO_(2) and other water-soluble gases are easily captured at the same time,while equipment such as scrubbing tower is just simply installed as a gas separation device near the emission point source.(2)The Carbfix method suitable for CO_(2) saturated solution injection and storage is proposed,and a special system which can inject gas and water solution respectively is designed.(3)In the process of CO_(2) injection and sequestration,the tracer element monitoring method was firstly adopted,and the percentage of carbonation of CO_(2) injected was quantitatively estimated by the mass balance method.It was found that at least 95%of basalts were completely mineralized in less than two years after CO_(2) injection.However,the remain technical problems exist and need to be further studied, which include (1) how to choose the correct injection means between the CO_(2) saturated and supercritical solutions. (2) Whether sea water can replace fresh water to dissolve CO_(2). (3) How to improve the accuracy of geochemical simulation of injection and geological storage of CO_(2) in basalts. (4) How to reduce the cost of carbon capture, separation and transportation. There are still a long way to go before we can effectively deploy such CCS technologies throughout the world.

关 键 词：玄武岩 CO_(2) 碳捕集与封存 注入 监测 

分 类 号：X701[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X141