核级镍基合金焊接材料失塑裂纹研究现状  

Research Status of Ductility-Dip Crack Occurring in Nuclear Nickel-Based Welding Materials

作　　者：余春[1] 徐济进[1] 魏啸 陆皓[1] YU Chun;XU Jijin;WEI Xiao;LU Hao(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;Advanced Micro-Fabrication Equipment,Inc.(AMEC),Shanghai 201201,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院,上海200240 [2]中微半导体(上海)有限公司,上海201201

出　　处：《金属学报》2022年第4期529-540,共12页Acta Metallurgica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目No.2018YFB0407300。

摘　　要：镍基合金及其焊接材料因具有优异的耐蚀性和高温力学性能,成为核电站关键设备中的关键材料,其焊接质量关系到核电站的安全运行。失塑裂纹(ductility-dip crack,DDC)是镍基合金中常见的一种微观缺陷,常常出现在多层多道焊中,因其尺寸小(长100μm左右)、难检测,成为核电站运行安全的潜在威胁。本文简要地回顾了核级镍基合金及其焊接材料的发展历程,从镍基600系列合金发展到690系列合金,解决了焊接接头晶间腐蚀裂纹问题,但对之引起的焊接DDC问题,从成分设计角度,开发了以Inconel 52、Inconel 52M和Inconel 52MSS为代表的焊接材料,焊接接头的DDC敏感性逐步降低,但此问题至今并未完全解决。介绍了DDC的微观特征及其敏感性评价方法,总结了目前比较认可的DDC开裂机制,从成分和微观组织角度分析了其影响因素,最后进行了展望。Nickel-based alloys and their welding materials have been the key materials in establishing key nuclear equipment due to their excellent corrosion-resistance and high-temperature mechanical properties.Therefore,the welding quality of nickel-based alloys is greatly responsible for the safe service of nuclear plants.However,ductility-dip crack(DDC)was commonly observed in the heat-affected zone during multipass welding.DDC is hard to detect by common nondestructive testing due to the micro-size of the crack(approximately 100μm in length).Hence,the high-temperature DDC problem is a potential threat to the safety of nuclear plants.In this paper,the development of nuclear-level nickel-based alloys and their welding materials is reviewed.To solve the stress corrosion cracking occurring in the welding joint of Inconel 600,Inconel 690 was developed.However,a new reliability problem,DDC,was introduced.Researchers in the world developed Inconel 52,Inconel 52M,and Inconel 52MSS gradually from the design of the chemical components,and the DDC sensibility decreased.Presently,the DDC problem has not been solved completely.The evaluation methods of DDC were introduced,the cracking mechanisms were summarized,and the factors affecting the DDC were analyzed on the view of chemical components and microstructure.In conclusion,the research on DDC has been prospected briefly.

关 键 词：镍基合金 失塑裂纹 焊接 微观组织 

分 类 号：TG146.15[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]