不同矿化度(微)咸水膜下滴灌棉田土壤水盐分布及棉花生长特性研究  

Soil water and salt distribution and cotton growth under film drip irrigation with different water salinity in cotton field

作　　者：李万精 杨广[1] 雷杰 王春霞[1] 何新林[1] 李毅[2] 龚萍[1] 乔长录[1] 蒲胜海[3] LI Wanjing;YANG Guang;LEI Jie;WANG Chunxia;HE Xinlin;LI Yi;GONG Ping;QIAO Changlu;PU Shenghai(School of Water Conservancy and Construction Engineering/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops forEcological and Water Conservancy Engineering in the Cold and Drought Area, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China;College of Water Resources and Architecture Engineering,Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Saving, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院/寒旱区生态水利工程兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832003 [2]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2022年第3期95-103,共9页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团重点领域科技攻关计划项目(2021AB021);第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(SQ2021xjkk02704);国家自然科学基金项目(U1803244,51769030);石河子大学青年创新人才培育计划项目(CXRC201801);石河子大学高层次人才计划项目(RCZK2018C22);石河子大学高层次人才科研启动项目(RCZK202026)。

摘　　要：(微)咸水资源运用于农业灌溉为缓解干旱半干旱地区淡水资源紧缺问题提供了关键途径,适宜矿化度水质灌溉棉田可有效增加作物产量且在短期内不会加重土壤盐渍化。为探明不同矿化度水质膜下滴灌对棉田土壤水盐运移及棉花生长的影响,于2018—2020年开展测坑试验,设置1、2、3、4、5、6 g·L^(-1)等6个不同矿化度灌溉水源情景,分析土壤水盐、八大离子、水化学类型变化及棉花生长特性。结果表明:(1)(微)咸水灌溉下土壤含水率在花铃期达到峰值,矿化度5、6 g·L^(-1)处理下土壤含水率明显高于其他处理,窄行处灌后12 h各处理土壤含水率在60 cm土层处达到峰值,各处理土壤平均含水率峰值为20.61%;土壤盐分随着棉花生育期的推进及灌溉水矿化度的增加而增大,并逐年增加。(2)离子含量随着灌溉水矿化度增加而增加;(微)咸水灌溉下各处理盐分被滴灌水淋洗至60~100 cm土层,土壤溶液水化学类型主要为Cl·SO_(4)-Na·Ca型。(3)灌溉水矿化度>4 g·L^(-1)时,棉花株高、茎粗、叶面积和叶绿素含量受到不同程度的抑制;4 g·L^(-1)处理下产量高出淡水处理0.02%,矿化度≤4 g·L^(-1)的水源灌溉下土壤积盐较少,是适宜的灌溉水源。The application of(slight)saline water resources in agricultural irrigation is a key way to alleviate the shortage of freshwater resources in arid and semi-arid areas.Irrigation of cotton fields with appropriate salinity water can effectively increase crop yield and will not aggravate soil salinization in the short term.To explore the effects of drip irrigation under film with different salinity on soil water and salt transport and cotton growth,a pit test was carried out from 2018 to 2020.Six irrigation water source scenarios with different salinity were set:1,2,3,4,5 g·L^(-1) and 6 g·L^(-1).The changes of soil water and salt,eight ions,hydrochemical types and cotton growth characteristics were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)The soil moisture content under(slight)saline water irrigation reached the peak at the flowering and bolling stage,and the soil moisture content under 5 g·L^(-1) and 6 g·L^(-1) treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments.The soil moisture content of each treatment reached the peak at 60 cm soil layer 12 h after irrigation in the narrow row,and the average peak value of soil moisture content of each treatment was 20.61%.Soil salinity increased with the postponement of cotton growth period and increasing salinity of irrigation water,and it increased year by year.(2)The ion content increased with the increase of salinity of irrigation water.Under(slight)saline water irrigation,the salt of each treatment was washed to 60~100 cm soil layer by drip irrigation.The hydrochemical type of soil solution was mainly Cl·SO_(4)-Na·Ca.(3)When the salinity of irrigation water was>4 g·L^(-1),the plant height,stem diameter,leaf area and chlorophyll content of cotton were inhibited in various degrees.Of which the yield of 4 g·L^(-1) treatment was 0.02%higher than that of freshwater treatment.The soil salt accumulation under water source irrigation≤4 g·L^(-1) was slower,so it was a suitable irrigation water source.

关 键 词：微(咸)水 矿化度 水盐分布 棉花生长 干旱区 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程] S152[农业科学—农业工程]