汉韩形容词“大/keuda”语义网络比较研究  

Comparative Study on the Semantic Networks of the Adjectives“Da(大)”and“Keuda”in Chinese and Korean

作　　者： Lee Ha’na(School of Liberal Arts,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学文学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《现代语文》2022年第5期82-90,共9页Modern Chinese

摘　　要：通过对汉语和韩语中的形容词“大/keuda”与名词搭配的语料进行对比分析,基于认知语言学原型理论与语义链理论,构拟出“大/keuda”的语义网络。“大/keuda”以具有整体性特征的三维空间实体为原型,由此共同扩展到体形、规模、程度、听觉等领域。到年龄、数量/总量、强度、物理力量、范围领域的扩展,是“汉有韩无”;而到感情领域的扩展,则是“韩有汉无”。总体看来,汉语“大”能够表达的范畴比韩语“keuda”更为广泛,主要原因是在于:在韩语中,对数量/总量的表达一般以“manta(‘多’)”来承担,物理力量的表达一般以“seda(‘强’)、ganghada(‘强’)”来承担;而在汉语中,“大”可以兼顾表达数量/总量与物理力量的意义。This paper took the prototype theory and meaning chain theory of cognitive linguistics to facilitate comparative analysis for the noun-pairings in collocations involving the adjectives“da(大)”and“keuda”in Chinese and Korean.With the help of corpus,it was able to built the corresponding semantic networks by comparative analysis.From the three-dimensional prominent spatial prototypes represented by both adjectives,conceptual expansions were simultaneously carried out over to the fields of body form,scale,degree/extent,auditory input,etc.It was found that in the concepts of age,quantity/volume,intensity,physical force and scope,“Da(大)”is existent in Chinese but not in Korean.Conversely,when it comes to emotions/feelings,“Keuda”is present in Korean but not in Chinese.It can hence be concluded that“da(大)”covers a broader semantic domain than“keuda”,mainly because the nouns of quantity and volume are generally modified with“manta”,while those of physical force are basically modified with“seda”or“ganghada”,whereas these concepts can be holistically modified with“da(大)”in Chinese.

关 键 词：“大” “keuda” 原型意义 语义链 语义网络 

分 类 号：H136[语言文字—汉语] H55