中国苹果旱涝灾害研究进展  

Review on Drought and Waterlogging Disasters for Apple in China

作　　者：戴安然 霍治国[2,3] 姜会飞[1] DAI An-ran;HUO Zhi-guo;JIANG Hui-fei(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agriculture University,Beijing 100193,China;Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081;Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081 [3]南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,南京210044

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2022年第5期362-379,共18页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“重大自然灾害监测预警与防范”重点专项(2017YFC1502801)。

摘　　要：苹果在中国果业生产中占有重要地位,气候变化背景下旱涝灾害频发重发,严重影响苹果产量和品质,总结苹果旱涝灾害已有研究成果可为防灾减灾应用提供技术方法支持。本文采用分类归纳、系统分析的方法并结合实际灾情,评述中国苹果旱涝灾害的最新研究进展,讨论苹果旱涝灾害研究存在的主要问题和未来发展方向。苹果旱涝灾害的形成和强度是由天气气候、地形、土壤结构等因素共同决定的;灾害指标主要分为形态学指标、天气气候指标和农业气象指标;风险评估多为考虑致灾因子的危险性评价;苹果各生育阶段各等级干旱均呈由北向南依次递减的分布特征。但已有成果多集中于北方苹果主产区不同生育时段的干旱灾害研究,存在灾害监测预警评估应用的针对性、时效性不足等问题。在加强果园观测数据获取的基础上,构建基于过程的灾变指标、建立灾害监测预警、风险评估模型与应用系统是未来重点研究方向。The cultivation of apples plays an important role in China’s fruit production.Climate change has brought about more frequent and severe drought and waterlogging disasters,which have negatively impacted apple yield quantity and quality.Through the summary of previous research studies done on the impact of drought and waterlogging disasters and its effect on apple production,methods for disaster prevention and mitigation can be provided to reduce the impact of these disasters to the industry.In this paper,the methods of classification and systematic analysis combined with studying actual disaster cases were used to review the latest research into the effects of droughts and waterlogging disasters on apple production in China and identify the next steps for future research and development into this subject.The intensity and impacts of droughts and waterlogging disasters on apple production are determined by weather,regional climate,topography,soil composition,and several other factors.Adopting the morphological indicators to study these disasters,most existing research into this area only focuses on meteorological factors and rarely consider agrometeorological factors such as soil composition,current crop conditions,and more.The distribution of apple drought disasters in China decreases from north to south.The prevention measures of apple drought and waterlogging included irrigation,strengthening orchard soil management,implementing the integration of soil and fertilizer,etc.More of the current research done into this subject takes place in the Northern parts of China and often lack the necessary information to be put into use in disaster monitoring and early warning applications.In the future,research into apple droughts and waterlogging disasters should focus on increasing in orchard observation data collection,constructing a disaster risk monitoring and early warning model,and implementing the model into apple growing.

关 键 词：苹果 旱涝灾害 灾害指标 风险评估 防御措施 

分 类 号：S42[农业科学—植物保护] S661.1