2020年天津近岸海域鱼类群落结构及多样性  

Fish Community Structure and Diversity in Coastal Area of Tianjin in 2020

作　　者：梁鹏飞 张树林 张达娟 李琦 王泽斌 戴伟 毕相东 LIANG Peng-fei;ZHANG Shu-lin;ZHANG Da-juan;LI Qi;WANG Ze-bin;DAI Wei;BI Xiang-dong(College of Fisheries,Tianjin Agriculture University/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture,Tianjin 300392,China)

机构地区：[1]天津农学院水产学院/天津市水产生态及养殖重点实验室,天津300392

出　　处：《广东海洋大学学报》2022年第3期18-24,共7页Journal of Guangdong Ocean University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32172978);天津市自然科学基金项目(19JCYBJC30000);天津市淡水养殖产业技术体系创新团队-养殖水环境调控岗位(ITTFRS2021000-009);中央引导地方(天津)科技发展专项(21ZYCGSN00500);天津市教委科研计划项目(2020ZD06,2021KJ110);天津市高等学校创新团队基金项目“天津市现代水产生态健康养殖创新团队”(TD13-5089);甘肃省科技计划项目民生科技专项(21CX6NP223)。

摘　　要：【目的】调查天津近岸海域鱼类资源现状,了解该海域鱼类种类组成、群落和生物多样性的变化规律,【方法】利用底拖网于2020年4、6-10月逐月在天津近海进行6航次鱼类资源调查,分析种类组成、数量分布,运用聚类、RDA分析、ABC曲线等方法分析天津近海鱼类群落结构现状。【结果与结论】2020年共捕获鱼类21种,隶属于4目11科17属,生态类型以暖温性、大陆架浅水底层鱼类为主。年优势种主要以小型鱼类为主,包括斑鰶(Clupanodon punctatus)、短吻红舌鳎(Cynoglossus joyneri)、矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaetueichthys stigmatias)和六丝矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaetueichthys hexanema)。鱼类年平均丰度和单位捕捞努力量(CPUE)分别为588.48尾/(网·h)、4.79 kg/(网·h),渔获物的相对质量中斑鰶、短吻红舌鳎和矛尾虾虎鱼占比较高,分别占总渔获量的37.83%、20.84%和11.84%。鱼类群落年平均多样性指数、丰富度指数、均匀度指数分别为1.93、1.81和0.53。聚类分析表明,在59%相似性水平上,鱼类群落按丰度分为A、B和C三组,其中斑鰶和短吻红舌鳎在组间相异性贡献率最高;RDA分析表明,温度变化是构成群落结构变化的重要因素;ABC曲线表现为丰度曲线位于生物量曲线上方(W=-0.038<0),表明鱼类群落受外界扰动影响较大。【Objective】To investigate the fish stock in the Tianjin coastal waters,and explore the changes of fish species composition,community structure and diversity in this waters.【Method】The bottom trawl was used to investigate the fish resources of 6 voyages off the coast of Tianjin in April,from June to October 2020.Based on the analysis of species composition,quantitative distribution,cluster analysis,RDA analysis,ABC curve analysis and other statistical methods were used to explore the current status of fish community structure in Tianjin coastal waters.【Result】A total of 21 species of fishes were identified,belonging to 4 orders,11 families and 17 genera.And their ecological type was dominated by warm temperate and shallow bottom fish on the continental shelf.The annual dominant species were mainly small fish,including Clupanodon punctatus,Cynoglossus joyneri,Chaetueichthys stigmatias and Chaetueichthys hexanema.The average annual abundance and biomass of fish were 588.48 ind/net·h and 4.79 kg/net·h.In relative weight of the cash,the C.punctatus,C.joyneri and C.stigmatias accounted for 37.83%,20.84%and 11.84%respectively.The average Shannon-Weiner biodiversity index,Margalef abundance index and Pielou evenness index of fish community were 1.93,1.81 and 0.53 respectively.The cluster showed the fish community were divided into three groups A,B and C at 59%similarity level,among which the C.punctatus and C.joyneri contributed most to the intergroup dissimilarity.RDA analysis showed that temperature change was an important factor in the change of community structure;The ABC curve showed that the abundance curve was located above the biomass curve(W=-0.038<0),indicating that the fish community was greatly affected by external disturbance.

关 键 词：鱼类资源 群落结构 优势种 天津近岸海域 ABC曲线 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]