花后低温条件下小麦颖果发育的显微结构观察  

Microstructural Observation of Caryopsis Development in Wheat under Low Temperature after Anthesis

作　　者：杨佳庆 郝朵 冉莉萍 李波[3] 熊飞[1] 余徐润 YANG Jiaqing;HAO Duo;RAN Liping;LI Bo;XIONG Fei;YU Xurun(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology,Agricultural College of Yangzhou University,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009,China;Guangling College of Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225128,China;Jiangsu Yanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Nantong,Jiangsu 226541,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室,扬州大学农学院,江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,扬州大学,江苏扬州225009 [2]扬州大学广陵学院,江苏扬州225128 [3]江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所,江苏南通226541

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2022年第4期578-588,共11页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31801269,31971810);江苏省自然科学基金(BK20180275);扬州大学大学生科技创新基金(202011117094Y);江苏高校“青蓝工程”项目(苏教师函[2020]42号)。

摘　　要：该研究以春性小麦品种‘扬麦15’和半冬性小麦品种‘烟农19’为实验材料,在小麦花后6~8 d进行低温处理,对花后不同发育阶段的小麦颖果进行取样,利用树脂切片技术观察了果皮、胚乳和养分运输组织的显微结构,以探明花后低温条件下小麦颖果发育的显微结构特征。结果表明:(1)花后低温延缓了两个小麦品种颖果早期和中期发育过程,推迟了‘扬麦15’灌浆期,缩短了‘烟农19’的灌浆期,最终降低了两小麦品种的粒重。(2)花后低温减缓了小麦颖果发育早期果皮细胞的凋亡以及中果皮细胞中淀粉体的降解速率。(3)花后低温明显降低了小麦胚乳发育早期和中期淀粉体和蛋白体的积累量,缩短了灌浆时期,降低了胚乳充实度。(4)花后低温条件下小麦颖果韧皮部发育缓慢,筛管分布范围缩小;同时胚乳传递细胞的发育变慢,细胞壁上壁内突数量明显减少。研究发现,花后低温使得两小麦品种颖果早期发育过程延缓,具体表现在果皮的凋亡推迟,贮藏物质积累量减少,养分运输组织变得不发达,胚乳充实度降低,单粒颖果干重下降;同时两小麦品种对低温的响应又存在差异,花后低温下春性小麦颖果灌浆期被延长,半冬性小麦灌浆期被缩短。In this study,the spring wheat cultivar‘Yangmai 15’and the semi-winter cultivar‘Yannong 19’were used as experimental materials,which were performed low temperature treatment at 6-8 days after anthesis.Then the wheat caryopses at different developmental stages were sampled after anthesis.The microstructure characteristics of the pericarp,endosperm and nutrient transport tissue were observed using resin section technology,and the microstructure characteristics of wheat caryopsis development under low temperature conditions after flowering were explored.The results showed that:(1)the low temperature after anthesis delayed the early and middle development of caryopsis of the two wheat cultivars,delayed the filling stage of Yangmai 15,shortened the filling stage of Yannong 19,and finally reduced the grain weight of the two wheat cultivars.(2)Low temperature treatment after anthesis slowed down the apoptotic rate of pericarp cells of early wheat endosperm development and the degradation rate of amyloplast in pericarp cells.(3)The low temperature after anthesis significantly reduced the accumulation of amyloplast and protein bodies in the early and middle stages of wheat endosperm development,shortened the filling period,and reduced the degree of endosperm fullness.(4)The phloem of wheat caryopsis developed slowly under low temperature conditions after anthesis,and the distribution range of sieve tubes was reduced.At the same time,the development of endosperm transfer cells slowed down,and the number of wall ingrowths on the cell wall was significantly reduced.The study found that low temperature after anthesis delayed the early development of caryopsis of the two wheat cultivars,which was reflected in the delayed apoptosis of pericarp,the decrease of storage material accumulation,the underdevelopment of nutrient transport tissue,the decrease of endosperm fullness and the decrease of dry weight of single caryopsis.At the same time,there were differences in the response of the two wheat cultivars to low temperatu

关 键 词：小麦 低温 淀粉体 蛋白体 养分运输组织 显微结构 

分 类 号：Q942.6[生物学—植物学] Q944.59