“双碳”目标背景下国内进口LNG产业发展思考  

Considerations on the development of domestic imported LNG under the background of“dual carbon”goals

作　　者：李俊杰 LI Junjie(CNOOC Gas and Power Group Co.,Ltd,Beijing 100028,China)

机构地区：[1]中海石油气电集团有限责任公司,北京100028

出　　处：《中国海上油气》2022年第2期208-214,共7页China Offshore Oil and Gas

摘　　要：进口LNG在国内天然气市场中占比28%,在实现“双碳”目标过程中会发挥重要作用。国际政治经济格局正在进行深刻变革和复杂调整,使得LNG供需预期不确定性增加。通过对国际LNG资源供需预测和国内天然气市场发展的分析,总结中国进口LNG面临的政治环境恶化、资源竞争加剧、国际价格影响力弱、国内市场不完善、采购行为分散和基础设施过剩等6方面的挑战,提出了5条促进进口LNG安全供应的建议:发挥资源需求和资本技术输出上的优势,加强与国际主要资源国合作,促进进口渠道多元化;利用即将成为最大LNG进口国的优势,争取与进口量相匹配的国际价格参与权重,打造中国LNG价格指数,争取国际LNG定价权;继续深化国内油气体制改革,平衡政府宏观管控和市场调节作用,建立现代市场体系,对用户分类管理,促进社会效益和企业效益双提升;政府加强行业监管和指导,强化行业内部协调,企业开展战略合作,实施统一的采购策略,避免在国际市场上造成不良竞争;统筹规划建设、统一运营调配全国LNG接收站,消除局部资源和基础设施的不均衡,发挥好天然气基础设施对全国稳定供应的基础支撑,提高利用效率。本文对推动进口LNG产业健康持续发展、支撑“双碳”目标的实现具有借鉴意义。Imported LNG accounts for 28%of the domestic natural gas market and will play an important role in achieving the“dual carbon”goals.The international political and economic landscape is undergoing profound changes and complex adjustments,increasing the uncertainty of LNG supply and demand predictions.Through the analysis of international LNG resource supply and demand predictions and domestic natural gas market development,it is concluded that China’s imported LNG is facing challenges in 6 aspects:deterioration of political environment,intensification of resource competition,weak influence on international price,imperfect domestic market,non-centralized purchasing behavior and overcapacity of infrastructure.Five suggestions are put forward to promote the safe supply of imported LNG.By taking advantages of resource demand and capital and technology export,strengthen cooperation with major international resource countries,so as to promote the diversification of import channels;by making use of the advantages of becoming the largest LNG importer,strive for the international price participation weight matching the import volume,so as to create China’s LNG price index and strive for international LNG pricing power;by continuing to deepen the reform of domestic oil and gas system and balance the role of government macro control and market regulation,establish a modern market system,so as to manage users by category and promote the improvement of social and enterprise benefits;the government should strengthen industry supervision,guidance and internal coordination,while enterprises should carry out strategic cooperation to implement uniform purchasing strategies and avoid vicious competition in the international market;through the overall planning,construction and unified operation and allocation of national LNG terminals,the imbalance of local resources and infrastructure can be eliminated,so as to give full play to the basic support of natural gas infrastructure for the stable supply of the whole country and im

关 键 词：“双碳”目标 进口LNG 国际资源 LNG定价权 市场体系 统一采购 基础设施 

分 类 号：TE9[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备] TE83