正八边形的“误会”--贵州侗族变角鼓楼中的“歪八角”技艺  

Misunderstandings about the Regular Octagon:“Crooked Octagons”Technique of the Dong Variable Angle Drum Towers in Guizhou Province

作　　者：蔡凌 王雅凝 廖若星 邓毅[2] 杨应琪 陆文礼 CAI Ling;WANG Yaning;LIAO Ruoxing;DENG Yi

机构地区：[1]广东省文物考古研究院,广州510081 [2]广州大学建筑与城市规划学院,广州510006 [3]不详

出　　处：《新建筑》2022年第2期18-24,共7页New Architecture

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(17BMZ049)。

摘　　要：在对侗族掌墨师访谈过程中,研究团队发现以往变角鼓楼测绘数据的整理存在对“八边形”的误会,变角鼓楼的八边形屋面投影并非全部为正八边形。结合杨应琪、陆文礼两位非遗传承人口述,解析了鼓楼标准榀架与楼身曲线的关系,阐释了掌墨师为塑造更优美的楼身曲线和解决“屋角冲边”的造型问题,突破鼓楼平面图形为正八边形的固有思维,调整“出水长度”或“瓜柱间距”的榀架设计方法,并产生所谓“歪八角”的营造技艺。最后比较了由此带来的变角鼓楼营建内容差异和特色。这一现象反映了鼓楼营造技艺的多元化特点以及掌墨师的个人智慧,也凸显口述史方法是建立起“人”(匠师)-“物”(建筑)-“法”(匠意和匠技)相互关联的重要研究手段。During the interview with the carpenters of Dong nationality,the research team found that there were misunderstandings about the“octagon”in the sorting of survey and mapping data of variable angle Drum Tower in the past,which means not all the octagonal roof projections in the variable angle Drum Tower are regular octagons.With the oral statements of Yang Yingqi and Lu Wenli,two inheritors of intangible cultural heritage,this paper analyzes the relationship between the standard frame and the building curve,explains that in order to create a more beautiful building curve and to solve the modeling problem of“roof corner punching edge”,carpenters break through the inherent thinking that the plane graphics of the drum tower should be positive octagons,and produce the so-called“crooked octagons”technique through adjusting the“eave purlin length”or“short column spacing”.This paper also compares the differences and characteristics of the construction of variable angle Drum Tower caused by these two frame design methods.The discovery of this phenomenon reflects the diversified characteristics of the drum tower construction technology and the personal wisdom of the ink master.It also highlights that the oral history method is an important research means to establish the correlation between craftsman,architecture and technique.

关 键 词：变角鼓楼 鼓楼造型 榀架 “屋角冲边” “歪八角” 营造技艺 

分 类 号：TU366.2[建筑科学—结构工程]