不同降水条件对干旱矿区土壤表层种子库的激活效应  

Activating effect of different precipitation conditions on a soil seed bank in an arid mining area

作　　者：马原 郭小平[1] 罗超[1] 冯昶栋 任胜男 李峰 MA Yuan;GUO Xiaoping;LUO Chao;FENG Changdong;REN Shengnan;LI Feng(College of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Taihu Basin Authority of Ministry of Water Resources,Shanghai 200434,China;Wuhai Xinxing Coal Co.,Ltd.,Wuhai 016000,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]水利部太湖流域管理局,上海200434 [3]乌海市新星煤炭有限责任公司,内蒙古乌海016000

出　　处：《草业科学》2022年第5期876-887,共12页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“矿区生态修复与生态安全保障技术集成示范研究”(2017YFC0504406);内蒙古自治区科技重大专项“内蒙古典型矿区差异化修复治理模式与解决方案研究”(2020ZD0021)。

摘　　要：近年来,随着国家煤炭开发产业逐渐西移,干旱荒漠矿区的生态恢复工作愈发受到重视。然而在干旱矿区水资源稀缺的背景下,针对土壤种子库(特别是持久土壤种子库)在天然降水条件下激活情况的研究依然匮乏。本研究以内蒙古乌海市新星露天煤矿周边0−5 cm表层土壤种子库为研究对象,采用人工模拟降水条件下种子库中种子短期萌发试验的方法,对矿区周边持久土壤种子库在不同降水量处理下的萌发进程以及不同日降水量、年降水量对土壤种子库的激活效应进行研究。结果表明:1)不同日降水量对土壤种子库的激活效应存在差异,随着日降水量的增加,激活的土壤种子库物种数和种子萌发数均呈先增加后降低趋势,其中5 mm日降水萌发的种子数最多,10 mm日降水萌发的物种数最多;2)不同植物种子对不同日降水量的响应状态不同,种子萌发数量最多的小画眉草(Eragrostis minor)、冷蒿(Artemisia frigida)在3~20 mm日降水均能被激活,而红砂(Reaumuria songarica)、猫头刺(Oxytropis aciphylla)等灌木种子需在10 mm以上降水量才能被激活;3)在50~150 mm年降水量范围,激活的种子数量占土壤种子库储量的16.46%~68.52%,激活的物种数占土壤种子库物种总数的25.00%~62.50%,二者均呈先增加后稳定的趋势。不同年降水量下,土壤种子库萌发的物种组成和群落结构差异显著(P<0.05)。In recent years,with the gradual westward shift of the national coal development industry,increasing attention has been paid to the ecological restoration of arid desert mining areas.However,under the background of water scarcity in arid mining areas,research on the activation of soil seed banks(especially persistent soil seed banks)under natural rainfall conditions is still scarce.The Xinxing open-pit coal mine in Wuhai City,Inner Mongolia,was considered as the research object.Using the method of germination test under artificial rainfall,the germination process of the persistent soil seed bank around the mining area under different rainfall gradients,and the activation effect of different daily and annual rainfall on the soil seed bank were studied.The results show that:1)The activation effect of different daily rainfall on the soil seed bank is different.With the increase of daily rainfall,the number of activated soil seed bank species and the number of seed germination both increase first and then decrease.Among them,the number of seeds germinated by 5 mm daily rainfall is the largest.The number of species germinated in 10 mm daily rainfall is the largest.2)Different plant seeds have different response states to different daily rainfall.Eragrostis minor and Artemisia frigida with the largest number of seed germinations can be activated in 3~20 mm daily rainfall,while seeds of shrubs such as Reaumuria songarica and Oxytropis aciphylla need to be activated above 10 mm daily rainfall.3)Within the designed annual rainfall range,the number of activated seeds accounted from 20.67%to 68.52%of the soil seed bank's seed reserves,and the number of activated species accounted from 25.00%to 62.50%of the total number of soil seed bank species,both of which showed a trend of increasing first and then stabilizing.Under different annual rainfall gradients,the germinated species composition and community structure of the soil seed bank are significantly different.

关 键 词：干旱地区 露天煤矿 土壤种子库 萌发试验 降水激活效应 物种组成 群落结构 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]