3种橐吾属植物提取物的杀虫抑菌活性  

Insecticidal and bacteriostatic activities of extracts from three species of Ligularia

作　　者：李晶[1] 李娜[1] 丁品[1] 付麟雲 王涛[2] 杜文静[1] 张建军[1] 武建荣[1] 刘锦霞[1] LI Jing;LI Na;DING Ping;FU Linyun;WANG Tao;DU Wenjing;ZHANG Jianjun;WU Jianrong;LIU Jinxia(Institute of Biology,Gansu Academy of Science,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;Gansu Provincial Academic Institute for Medical Research,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省科学院生物研究所,甘肃兰州730000 [2]甘肃省医学科学研究院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《草业科学》2022年第5期899-906,共8页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：甘肃省科学院应用研发项目(2019JK-10);陇原青年创新创业人才项目(2021LQGR62)。

摘　　要：黄帚橐吾(Ligularia virgaurea)、箭叶橐吾(L.sagitta)和藏橐吾(L.rumicifolia)均为青藏高原东缘退化高寒草原生态系统的典型毒杂草。本研究从“变害为利”的角度出发,通过测定和对比3种植物提取物对粘虫(Mythimna separate)幼虫的生物活性、对尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)菌丝生长的影响,探索其生物农药潜力开发价值。研究结果表明:3种橐吾属植物提取物对受试害虫均有较强的胃毒、触杀和拒食作用,表现为藏橐吾>黄帚橐吾>箭叶橐吾。藏橐吾提取物浓度较低时(5 mg·mL^(−1)),对粘虫幼虫的胃毒7 d累计校正死亡率和触杀7 d累计校正死亡率就分别在70%和50%以上;黄帚橐吾提取物浓度在10 mg·mL^(−1)以上时,对粘虫幼虫的胃毒7 d累计校正死亡率和触杀7 d累计校正死亡率才能达到70%和50%;而箭叶槖吾提取物在20 mg·mL^(−1)时对粘虫幼虫的胃毒7 d累计校正死亡率和触杀7 d累计校正死亡率仍都不超过50%。此外,浓度高于2.5 mg·mL^(−1)时,粘虫幼虫对3种槖吾属植物提取物的拒食率均大于60%。同时,室内毒力试验结果表明藏橐吾和黄帚橐吾提取物的毒力相对较强,LC_(50)分别为1.067和1.851 mg·mL^(−1),而箭叶槖吾提取物的毒力LC_(50)为27.957 mg·mL^(−1)。与对照相比,3种植物提取物对尖孢镰刀菌菌丝生长都呈现出极显著的抑制作用(P<0.01)。综上表明,3种橐吾属植物都具有较好的生物农药开发潜力,本研究为草原毒杂草的综合治理提供了新的途径。Ligularia virgaurea,Ligularia sagitta and Ligularia rumicifolia are typical dominant populations of poisonous plants in degraded eastern alpine meadow of Qinghai-Tibet plateau.This paper explores utility value from the perspective of“turning harm into benefit”.The Biological activity of extracts from these three plants were investigated by testing and comparing the activities against Mythimna separate,the effects on mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum.The results showed that extracts all had strong stomach toxicity activity,contact toxicity and antifeedant activity,and the order was L.rumicifolia>L.virgaurea>L.sagitta.The corrected mortality for stomach and contact were more than 70%and 50%respectively when the concentration of extract from L.rumicifolia was low(5 mg·mL^(−1));meanwhile,the corrected mortality for stomach and contact could reached 70%and 50%when the concentration of extract from L.virgaurea was 10 mg·mL^(−1);the corrected mortality for stomach and contact were still less than 50%when the concentration of extract from L.sagitta increased to 20 mg·mL^(−1).The antifeedant rates were all above 60%when the concentration of extracts from three species of Ligularia were over 2.5 mg·mL^(−1).The extracts from L.rumicifolia and L.virgaurea had stronger toxicity with LC_(50) value of 1.067 and 1.851 mg·mL^(−1),the LC_(50) of extract from L.sagitta was 27.957 mg·mL^(−1).The extracts from L.virgaurea,L.sagitta and L.rumicifolia all had significant inhibitory activity on mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum(P<0.01).These results demonstrate that L.virgaurea,L.sagitta and L.rumicifolia have great potential and application prospects for developing as biological pesticide.The results from this paper also provide a new way for the comprehensive control of poisonous plants in degraded meadow.

关 键 词：毒杂草 粘虫 尖孢镰刀菌 胃毒 触杀 变害为利 生物农药活性 

分 类 号：TQ450.1[化学工程—农药化工]