沟垄集雨下密度和施氮对陇东地区青贮玉米生理特性、产量及品质的调控  

Regulation of density and nitrogen fertilizer on physiological characteristics,yield,and quality of silage maize using a ridge-furrow rainfall harvesting system in Longdong Region,China

作　　者：刘桂宇 周大梁 梁欢欢 石薇 常生华[1] 贾倩民 侯扶江[1] LIU Guiyu;ZHOU Daliang;LIANG Huanhuan;SHI Wei;CHANG Shenghua;JIA Qianmin;HOU Fujiang(State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems/Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry,Ministry of Education/College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室/兰州大学农业农村部草牧业创新重点实验室/兰州大学草地农业教育部工程研究中心/兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《草业科学》2022年第5期960-976,共17页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31901389);兰州大学“双一流”引导专项-队伍建设经费-科研启动费(561119204)。

摘　　要：为明确陇东地区沟垄集雨种植下青贮玉米(Zea mays)适宜的种植密度和施氮水平,本研究于兰州大学环县草地农业试验站开展田间试验,设置每公顷6.0万(D_(1))、7.5万(D_(2))、9.0万(D_(3))和10.5万(D_(4))株4个种植密度,每个密度下设置0(N_(0))、120(N_(1))、240(N_(2))和360(N_(3))kg·hm^(−2)4种施氮水平,探究沟垄集雨下密度和施氮对青贮玉米生理特性、产量及品质的影响。结果表明:1)2019年D_(2)、D_(3)和D_(4)密度以及2020年4个密度下,N_(2)和N_(3)处理的净光合速率(P_(n))显著高于N_(0)(P<0.05)。同一施肥条件下,两年在6叶期各密度处理的P_(n)无显著差异(P>0.05),而在吐丝期、灌浆期和蜡熟期,随着密度的增加P_(n)降低。2)吐丝期N_(2)、N_(3)处理的丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于N_(0)(P<0.05),而可溶性蛋白含量、核酮糖二磷酸(RuBP)和磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸(PEP)羧化酶的活性显著高于N_(0)(P<0.05)。灌浆期N_(2)、N_(3)处理的RuBP和PEP羧化酶活性显著高于N_(0)(P<0.05)。3)两年D_(3)N_(2)处理获得了较高的干草产量、粗蛋白产量和淀粉产量。同一密度下,N_(2)和N_(3)处理的粗蛋白含量及相对饲用价值(RFV)显著高于N_(0)(P<0.05)。随着密度的增加,粗蛋白含量、粗脂肪含量及RFV降低,而中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量含量增高。综上,D_(3)N_(2)处理是一种陇东地区沟垄集雨下青贮玉米适宜的栽培模式。To determine the suitable planting density and nitrogen level of silage maize under furrow and ridge rainwater harvesting in the Longdong area of China,field experiments were conducted at the Huan County Grassland Agricultural Experimental Station of Lanzhou University.Four planting densities of 6×10^(4)(D_(1)),7.5×10^(4)(D_(2)),9×10^(4)(D_(3)),and 10.5×10^(4)(D_(4))plant·hm^(−2),and four nitrogen treatments of 0(N_(0)),120(N_(1)),240(N_(2)),and 360(N_(3))kg·hm^(−2) were established to investigate the effects of planting density and nitrogen application on the physiological characteristics,yield,and quality of silage maize.Under D_(2),D_(3),and D_(4) densities in 2019 and four densities in 2020,the net photosynthetic rate(P_(n))of the N_(2) and N_(3) treatments was significantly higher than that of the N_(0) treatment(P<0.05).Under the same fertilization conditions,there were no significant differences in P_(n) among density treatments at the 6-leaf stage in two years(P>0.05).However,P_(n) decreased with increasing density at the silking,grain filling,and wax ripening stages.The content of malondialdehyde(MDA)in the N_(2) and N_(3) treatments was significantly lower than that in N_(0)(P<0.05).In contrast,the content of soluble protein and the activities of ribose diphosphate(RuBP)and phosphoenolpyruvate(PEP)carboxylase were significantly higher than those in N_(0)(P<0.05).The activities of RuBP and PEP carboxylase in the N_(2) and N_(3) treatments were significantly higher than those in the N_(0) treatment(P<0.05).In two years,D_(3)N_(2) treatment resulted in higher hay,crude protein,and starch yields.At the same density,the crude protein content and relative feed value(RFV)of the N_(2) and N_(3) treatments were significantly higher than those of the N_(0) treatment(P<0.05).With an increase in density,the crude protein,crude fat,and RFV contents decreased,while the neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents increased.The collective findings demonstrate that the D_(3)N_(2) treatment is a s

关 键 词：沟垄集雨系统 种植密度 施氮量 干草产量 净光合速率 粗蛋白 相对饲用价值 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S548