基于密实核理论的装载机水平铲装阻力研究  

Horizontal shovel resistance of loader based on dense core theory

作　　者：蒋恒 谌炎辉[1] 向上升 JIANG Heng;CHEN Yan-hui;XIANG Shang-sheng(School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering,Guangxi University of Science and Technology,Liuzhou 545006,China;Guangxi Liugong Machinery Co.,Ltd.,Liuzhou 545007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西科技大学机械与汽车工程学院,广西柳州545006 [2]广西柳工机械股份有限公司,广西柳州545007

出　　处：《机电工程》2022年第5期694-699,共6页Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering

基　　金：广西自然科学基金资助项目(2015GXNSFAA139271)。

摘　　要：在装载机的铲装作业过程中,密实核的产生会引起水平铲装阻力过大,从而导致其铲装性能的下降、能耗升高。针对这一问题,对密实核阶段的装载机水平铲装阻力进行了研究。首先,运用密实核理论分析了水平铲装阶段的阻力变化情况,再通过装载机的自动铲装试验,获取了铲斗所受的水平阻力,并以此为依据对密实核的存在进行了验证;然后,根据试验数据对避免密实核形成的方法进行了研究,在铲斗插入料堆深度范围相同的情况下,对有无密实核阶段的油耗进行了对比;最后,采用试验的方式,对滑移面理论模型和EDEM仿真的准确性进行了验证。研究结果表明:控制铲斗插入深度小于202 mm,可以避免密实核;在相同的铲装深度范围内,密实核阶段比无密实核阶段的铲装单位油耗要高出1.9~3.34倍;滑移面理论模型和EDEM仿真的误差不超过7%,均可以较为准确地计算出水平铲装阻力。In the loading process of loader,the generation of dense core would caused excessive resistance of horizontal loading,resulted in the decline of loading performance and increased of energy consumption.Aiming at this problem,the horizontal shovel resistance in dense core stage was studied.Firstly,the resistance variation of horizontal shoveling stage was analyzed by using the theory of compact core,then the horizontal resistance of the bucket was obtained through the automatic shovel loading test of the loader,and the existence of dense core was verified.Then,the method of avoiding dense kernel was studied according to the experimental data,and the fuel consumption was compared in the stage with or without dense core when the depth range of the bucket was the same.Finally,the accuracy of the theoretical model and EDEM simulation was verified by experiments.The results show that controlling the insertion depth of the bucket is less than 202 mm can avoid compacting core.Within the same range of shoveling depth,the fuel consumption per unit in the compaction-core stage is 1.9~3.34 times higher than that in the non-compaction-core stage.The error of the slip surface theoretical model and EDEM simulation is less than 7%,both of which can accurately calculate the horizontal shovel resistance.

关 键 词：装卸机械 装载机 水平铲装阻力 密实核理论 铲装作业 EDEM仿真 能耗 

分 类 号：TH243[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]