全波场地震勘探技术  

Full wave seismic exploration technology

作　　者：李东安 漆立新[2] LI Dong’an;QI Lixin(Beijing Century Kingdo Petroleum Technology Development Co.LTD,Beijing 100029,China;Sinopec Northwest Oilfield Company,Urumqi 830011,China)

机构地区：[1]北京世纪金道石油技术开发有限公司,北京100029 [2]中国石化西北油田分公司,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《石油勘探与开发》2022年第3期513-521,共9页Petroleum Exploration and Development

基　　金：中国石油化工股份有限公司科技部项目(P21038-3)。

摘　　要：反射波地震采集设计基于层状介质假设,信号分析过程压制了绕射波、散射波等弱信号,反射波地震成像处理后频带狭窄,这些均限制了原始宽频数据的充分利用。从均衡利用反射波、绕射波、散射波信息入手,重新定义全波场地震勘探的内涵,明确其特点和适应条件,提出一套适用于全波场地震勘探的关键技术。在地震采集阶段,需要采用多套观测系统或一次性部署分期采集设计,即要在常规观测系统中镶嵌小面元、小偏移距、小道间距数据,利用共中心点道集离散化、小偏移距高覆盖等方法,增强原始地震数据中绕射波、散射波等弱信号的能量。在地震处理过程中,原始地震数据中的信号与噪音需要重新定义,通过多观测系统数据融合处理,实现地震数据有效信号的增强;通过不同面元、不同排列方式数据的差异化应用,使不同态式地震波能被有效分解和分别成像。在地震解释过程中,充分利用全波场地震资料,依靠多尺度、多维度井-震标定,实现多态式、多域地震属性解释,揭示复杂岩性体的内幕结构,提高非层状储集层横向分辨能力。Reflected wave seismology has the following defects:the acquisition design is based on the assumption of layered media,the signal processing suppresses weak signals such as diffracted wave and scattered wave,and the seismic wave band after the image processing is narrow.They limit the full utilization of broadband raw data.The concept of full wave seismic exploration is redefined based on the idea of balanced utilization of reflected wave,diffracted wave and scattered wave information,its characteristics and adaptive conditions are clarified.A set of key technologies suitable for full wave seismic exploration are put forward.During seismic acquisition period,it is necessary to adopt multi geometry,i.e.embed small bin,small offset and small channel interval data in conventional geometry.By discretizing of common midpoint(CMP)gathers,small offset with high coverage,the weak signals such as diffracted wave and scattered wave in the raw seismic data can be enhanced.During seismic processing,the signal and noise in the original seismic data need to be redefined at first.The effective signals of seismic data are enhanced through merging of multi-geometry data merging.By means of differential application of data with different bin sizes and different arrangement modes,different regimes of seismic waves can be effectively decomposed and imaged separately.During seismic interpretation stage,making the most of the full wave seismic data,and adopting well-seismic calibration on multi-scale and multi-dimension,the seismic attributes in multi-regimes and multi-domains are interpreted to reveal interior information of complex lithology bodies and improve the lateral resolution of non-layered reservoirs.

关 键 词：全波场地震勘探 多观测系统 地震采集 共中心点道集 全波场数据处理 地震属性 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]