虚构角色的商品化权之批判性思考:中美比较视角  

Critical Analysis on the Merchandising Right of Fictional Characters:Chinese and American Perspectives

作　　者：邓朝霞 Deng Zhaoxia

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学国际商务英语学院法律英语系 [2]香港大学,中国香港

出　　处：《电子知识产权》2022年第4期25-36,共12页Electronics Intellectual Property

基　　金：广东外语外贸大学引进人才科研启动项目(2022RC025)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文主要以虚构角色为研究对象,探讨其商品化权的内涵。文章首先简要梳理了商品化权的起源及角色商品化的种类,接着分别对中国虚构角色的“商标版权化”现象以及美国虚构角色的“版权商标化”现象从历史和现实的角度进行剖析,并通过比较分析得出目前中国产业界和司法界都有混淆商品化权的本质之嫌,以及不当行使商品化权致使著作权保护机制失衡的结论。事实上,商品化权属于商业标志性权益,是以实际的商业化使用并可区分商品来源或质量作为保护前提的,实则属于“有一定影响的商标”范畴。因此该权利的行使不能毫无限制,应遵循商标法的一般原理,同时不能妨碍言论自由或艺术性表达。This paper mainly takes fictional characters as the research objects to explore the connotation of their merchandising right.Firstly,it briefly combs the origin of merchandising right and the types of character merchandising,and then analyses the phenomenon of“copyrighting trademark”of fictional characters in China and the phenomenon of“trademarking copyright”of fictional characters in United States.Through comparative and critical analysis,it concludes tha t the essence of merchandising right was confused in Chinese industrial and judicial communities,and that the improper exercise of this right led to the imbalance of copyright protection mech anism.Essentially,the merchandising right should be defined and protected legally as a commercial mark right and interest,belonging to the category of“trademark with certain infl uence”.It originates from commercialization outside of the original works and serves to distinguish the origin or quality of the goods.Therefore,exercising this right should not be unlimited,and m ust follow the general principles of trademark law.Besides,it cannot hinder the freedom of expression or artistic expression.

关 键 词：虚构角色 角色名称 商品化权 失衡 商业标志性权益 

分 类 号：D923.43[政治法律—民商法学]