Transforming catalysis to produce e‐fuels:Prospects and gaps  

变革性催化过程生产可再生燃料:展望和挑战

作　　者：Georgia Papanikolaou Gabriele Centi Siglinda Perathoner Paola Lanzafame Georgia Papanikolaou;Gabriele Centi;Siglinda Perathoner;Paola Lanzafame(墨西拿大学,墨西拿,意大利)

机构地区：[1]Department ChiBioFarAm‐Section of Industrial Chemistry,University of Messina,ERIC aisbl and CASPE‐INSTM,V.le F.Stagno d’Alcontres 31,98166 Messina,Italy

出　　处：《Chinese Journal of Catalysis》2022年第5期1194-1203,共10页催化学报（英文）

基　　金：supported by EU with ERC Synergy SCOPE(Surface-Confined Fast-modulated Plasma for Process and Energy Intensification in Small Molecules Conversion,810182)Project;Italian MUR by PRIN 2017 Projects MULTI-e (Multielectron Transfer for the Conversion of Small Moleculesan Enabling Technology for the Chemical Use of Renewable Energy,20179337R7);CO_(2) ONLY (CO_(2) as Only Source of Carbons for Monomers and PolymersA Step Forwards Circular economy) Project,017WR2LRS

摘　　要：After short introducing the crucial role of e‐fuels to meet net‐zero emissions targets,this perspective paper discusses the differences between reactive catalysis(electro‐,photo‐and plasma‐catalysis,with focus on the first for conciseness)and thermal catalysis used at most.The main point is to evidence that to progress in producing e‐fuels,the gap is not in terms of scaling‐up and pilot testing,but rather in the fundamental needs to turn the current approach and methodologies to develop reactive catalysis,including from a mechanistic perspective,to go beyond the current methods largely derived from thermal catalysis.Developing thus new fundamental bases to understand reactive catalysis is the challenge to accelerate the progress in this area to enable the potential role towards a sustainable net‐zero emissions future.Some novel aspects are highlighted,but the general aim is rather to stimulate discussion in rethinking catalysis from an alternative perspective.利用可再生能源与空气中捕获的CO_(2)合成液体燃料(e-fuels)替代化石燃料,是消除温室气体,应对气候变化所必需的技术.例如,欧盟计划于2050年实现净零排放.e-fuels可以作为化学能载体,克服可再生能源的间歇性和难以储存的不足,并为难以实现电气化的地区供给燃料.e-fuels可作为可持续能源长期储存和远距离运输的载体;同时,与对化石燃料减排所需要进行的基础设施大幅度改造相比,e-fuels节约了经济成本和时间成本.发展新的可持续方法生产e-fuels是加速实现能源转型的关键,这为催化科学提出了新挑战.本视角文章在简要介绍了e-fuels在实现零净排放目标方面的关键作用后,讨论了活性反应催化(电催化、光催化和等离子体催化的统称,三者存在很多共性及相似的问题,为简洁起见,本文聚焦于电催化)和目前应用最多的热催化之间的差异,提出了推动生产e-fuels取得进展的重点不在于扩大实验规模,而很大程度在于转变现有的思路和方法,发展活性反应催化的观点.目前活性反应催化的研究方法是从热催化衍生而来的,为推动合成燃料成为现实,研究人员需要重新思考催化原理,从基本观点和机理研究的角度理解活性反应催化与热催化的不同之处.这是未来催化科学推动可持续合成e-fuels技术发展,加速能源转型所面临的挑战.

关 键 词：ELECTROCATALYSIS e‐Fuels Solar fuels Mechanistic understanding CATALYSIS CO_(2) NH3 

分 类 号：TQ517.4[化学工程] O643.36[理学—物理化学]