岩溶山区玉米白三叶间作对土壤养分及作物生产性能的影响  

Effects of Maize-White Clover Intercropping on Soil Nutrients and Crop Production Performance in Karst Mountainous Area

作　　者：唐柳办 王家豪 王雷挺 王普昶[2] 赵丽丽[1] TANG Liu-ban;WANG Jia-hao;WANG Lei-ting;WANG Pu-chang;ZHAO Li-li(Department of Grass Science,College of Animal Sciences,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Institute of Grass,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550006,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学动物科学学院草业科学系,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州省农业科学院草业研究所,贵州贵阳550006

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2022年第5期31-39,共9页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32060391);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2019]2295号)资助。

摘　　要：以推广种植范围广的玉米和适应性较强的白三叶为对象,初步探讨玉米白三叶间作模式在岩溶山区的生产优势。设置行距30cm(JBY30)、50cm(JBY50)、70cm(JBY70)玉米白三叶间作,以相应行距(DY30、DY50、DY70)的单作玉米和行距30cm(DB30)单作白三叶为对照,测定土壤养分含量及作物生产性能指标,结果表明:JBY30(蜡熟期)土壤有机质含量显著高于DY30(P<0.05);JBY50(灌浆期)全磷含量显著高于DY50(P<0.05);JBY30(抽穗期和灌浆期)、JBY50(灌浆期)和JBY70(抽穗期)全钾含量显著高于相应行距玉米的单作(P<0.05)。间作下玉米粗蛋白(除JBY30外)、粗脂肪、无氮浸出物(除JBY70外)含量均高于相应行距的单作,而粗纤维含量低于单作。间作白三叶粗灰分含量均高于单作。单作白三叶第一茬产量显著高于间作白三叶(P<0.05)。JBY30玉米地上总干物质产量比DY30显著提高了32.23%,比JBY50和JBY70分别显著提高了47.63%和45.20%(P<0.05)。随行距的增大,土地当量比(LER)、间作系统生产力(SP)呈先减小后增大趋势,玉米相对白三叶的资源竞争力(Am)和间作优势则呈下降趋势。JBY30的间作优势最大,LER、SP显著高于JBY50和JBY70(P<0.05)。因此,认为JBY30是适宜岩溶山区玉米白三叶间作系统的最佳间作模式。In this study,maize with wide planting range and white clover with strong adaptability were used as the research objects,and preliminarily discusses the production advantages of the intercropping mode of maize and white clover in karst mountainous areas.The row spacing of maize and white clover was 30cm(JBY30),50cm(JBY50),and 70cm(JBY70),respectively.The monoculture corn with corresponding row spacing(DY30,DY50,and DY70)and the monocropping white clover with the row spacing of 30cm(DB30)were used as controls to determine the soil nutrient content and crop production performance indicators.The results showed that the content of soil organic matter in JBY30(wax ripeness stage)was significantly higher than that in DY30(P<0.05);the content of total phosphorus in JBY50(filling stage)was significantly higher than that in DY50(P<0.05);the content of total potassium in JBY30(heading stage and filling stage),JBY50(filling stage)and JBY70(heading stage)was significantly higher than those in monoculture with corresponding row spacing(P<0.05).Under intercropping,the contents of crude protein(except JBY30),crude fat and nitrogen-free extract(except JBY70)of maize were higher than those of monoculture with corresponding row spacing,while the content of crude fiber was lower than that of monoculture.The crude ash content of white clover in intercropping was higher than that in monoculture.The first cutting yield of white clover in monoculture was significantly higher than that in intercropping(P<0.05).The total dry matter yield of maize under JBY30 treatment was significantly higher than that under DY30 treatment by 32.23%,and significantly higher than that under JBY50 and JBY70 treatment by 47.63%and 45.20%,respectively(P<0.05).With the increase of row spacing,land equivalent ratio(LER)and intercropping system productivity(SP)decreased first and then increased,while the resource competitiveness(Am)and intercropping advantage of maize relative to white clover decreased.JBY30 had the greatest intercropping advantage,and LER and

关 键 词：玉米白三叶间作 土壤养分 土地当量比 间作系统生产力 间作优势 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S541.2