放牧对典型草原牧草营养及绵羊增重和瘤胃发酵的影响  

Effects of Grazing on Forage Nutrition,Sheep Weight Gain and Ruminal Fermentation in Steppe

作　　者：塔娜[1] 白宝全 王建龙 王海[1] 白海花[1] 张千 穆怀彬[1] 张晓庆[1] Tana;BAI Bao-quan;WANG Jian-long;WANG Hai;BAI Hai-hua;ZHANG Qian;MU Huai-bin;ZHANG Xiao-qing(Grassland Research Institute,CAAS,Hohhot 010010,China;Xilingol Vocational College,Xilinhot 026000,China;Inner Mongolia Animal Disease Prevention and Control Institution,Hohhot 010010,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院草原研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [2]锡林郭勒职业学院,内蒙古锡林浩特026000 [3]内蒙古自治区动物疫病预防控制中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2022年第5期82-90,共9页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：中国农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(1610332020019);内蒙古自然科学基金项目(2021LHBS03008,2021MS03022,2019MS03003)。

摘　　要：选取内蒙古克什克腾旗典型草原区封育后轻度利用的天然草地,采用双因素试验设计,设定4种放牧方式(连续放牧、四区轮牧、五区轮牧和六区轮牧)及2种放牧强度(1.0SU/hm^(2)、0.7SU/hm^(2),以下简称GI 1.0、GI 0.7),以不放牧为对照区,探究暖季放牧对植被地上生物量、草群养分供给量、绵羊增重及瘤胃发酵的影响。结果表明:(1)8~9月,未放牧处理地上生物量显著高于放牧处理,各放牧处理间未见明显差异。10月,地上生物量受到放牧强度的显著影响,同时表现出受放牧方式影响的趋势,但未见明显的二因素交互效应。具体表现为放牧强度GI 0.7组平均生物量显著高于GI 1.0组,放牧方式中划区轮牧平均生物量有高于连续放牧的趋势。GI 0.7时连续放牧的生物量明显下降,轮牧与未放牧处理差异不显著,可维持较高的生物量;GI 1.0时轮牧与连续放牧的生物量均显著下降,五区轮牧明显优于连续放牧。(2)草群养分供给量(FNY)的粗蛋白供给量(CPY)、中性洗涤纤维供给量(NDFY)和高消化性养分供给量(HDNY)指标对放牧强度和放牧方式的响应,与地上生物量的响应表现出相似趋势。(3)放牧强度和放牧方式对母羊和羔羊的增重、母羊瘤胃发酵参数影响不显著,但GI 0.7更有利于羔羊的增重,且母羊瘤胃生理状态较好。(4)综合评定,五区适度放牧为此类草原最适宜的放牧方式。The grazing experiment of 34 pairs of sheep(ewes and their lambs)over a period of 4 months was carried out on the lightly utilized natural grassland after enclosure in the steppe of Keshiketeng banner,Inner Mongolia.A two factor experiment design was adopted to set four grazing systems(continuous grazing,four plots rotational grazing,five plots rotational grazing,and six plots rotational grazing)and two grazing intensities(1.0SU/hm^(2),0.7SU/hm^(2),hereinafter referred to as GI 1.0 and GI 7.0),a total of nine treatments(including no grazing)to explore the effect of warm season grazing on vegetation aboveground biomass,forage nutritional yields,sheep weight gain and ruminal fermentation.The results showed that:(1)from August to September,the aboveground biomass of no grazing treatment was significantly higher than that of grazing treatment,and there was no significant difference among grazing treatments.In October,the aboveground biomass was significantly affected by grazing intensity and grazing system,but there were no obvious interactive effects.The specific performance was that the average biomass of GI 0.7 group was significantly higher than that of GI 1.0 group,and the average biomass of rotational grazing was higher than that of continuous grazing.The biomass of continuous grazing decreased significantly at GI 0.7,there was no significant difference between rotational grazing and no grazing treatment,which could maintain a high biomass;the biomass of rotation grazing and continuous grazing decreased significantly under the GI 1.0,five-plots grazing was significantly better than continuous grazing.(2)The responses of forage nutrition yields(FNY),including crude protein yield(CPY),neutral detergent fiber yield(NDFY)and high digestible nutrient yield(HDNY)to grazing intensity and grazing system showed a similar trend with the responses of aboveground biomass.(3)Grazing intensity and grazing system had no significantly effect on the weight gain of ewe and lambs and ruminal fermentation parameters of ewes,but li

关 键 词：放牧方式 放牧强度 牧草养分供给量 体增重 瘤胃发酵参数 

分 类 号：S812.8[农业科学—草业科学]