小麦花药培养体系优化及高再生力基因型的筛选  

Optimizing of Anther Culture System and Screening Wheat Genotypes with Higher Regeneration Ability

作　　者：李慧 赵林姝[2] 古佳玉[2] 郭会君[2] 谢永盾[2] 熊宏春 赵世荣[2] 丁玉萍[2] 徐延浩 刘录祥[2] LI Hui;ZHAO Lin-shu;GU Jia-yu;GUO Hui-jun;XIE Yong-dun;XIONG Hong-chun;ZHAO Shi-rong;DING Yu-ping;XU Yan-hao;LIU Lu-xiang(College of Agriculture,Yangtze University/Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry,Hubei Jingzhou 434025;Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院/主要粮食作物产业化湖北省协同创新中心,湖北荆州434025 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/国家农作物基因资源与基因改良重大科学工程/国家农作物航天诱变技术改良中心,北京100081

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2022年第3期738-745,共8页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：国防科工局核能开发科研项目“核辐射作物品种改良与害虫防控”。

摘　　要：目前花药培养白苗再生较多,因此选取不同成分的碳源对花药培养体系进行优化,并利用优化的体系连续2年对22个小麦品种(系)的培养力进行了鉴定。结果表明,以国药公司蔗糖为碳源进行离体培养的花药没有产生胚状体;以Sigma公司麦芽糖和Phytotech公司麦芽糖为碳源时,花药均可以脱分化形成胚状体并进一步再生植株,绿苗产率在此2种麦芽糖间无显著差异,但白苗产率在2种麦芽糖间差异显著,Sigma麦芽糖条件下白苗产率显著高于Phytotech麦芽糖,说明利用Phytotech麦芽糖能减少白苗的再生。22个品种(系)的绿苗及白苗产率差异显著,筛选出高绿苗再生力基因型河农6425(33.97%)、洛麦28(22.28%)和郑麦136(15.63%),高白苗再生力基因型小偃22(39.69%)、郑麦136(33.99%)、洛麦28(42.17%)和豫农903(28.59%),高植株再生力基因型小偃22(46.69%)、郑麦136(49.62%)、洛麦28(64.45%)、河农6425(41.47%)和豫农903(31.69%)。本研究鉴定筛选的高再生力基因型可作为单倍体育种、基因定位或遗传转化研究的基础材料。The high rate of albino plants is an issue in wheat anther culture system.In this study,carbon sources with different components were selected to optimize the anther culture system,followed by evaluating the culture ability of 22 wheat varieties(lines)samples harvested at two consecutive years.The anthers cultured in vitro with Sinopharm sucrose did not produce embryoids,whereas anthers succeeded in dedifferentiation into embryoids and further regenerate plantlets when using maltose from Sigma and Phytotech.No significant difference in the green plantlets per 100 anthers,but a significant difference in the albino plantlets per 100 anthers between the two kinds of maltose were observed.The albino plantlets per 100 anthers using Sigma maltose was significantly higher than that using Phytotech maltose.Moreover,the green/albino plantlets per 100 anthers was significantly different among 22 varieties(lines).The genotypes showing high green plantlet regeneration ability were henong 6425(33.97%),Luomai 28(22.28%)and Zhengmai 136(15.63%),and the genotypes showing high albino plantlet regeneration ability were Xiaoyan 22(39.69%),Zhengmai 136(33.99%),Luomai 28(42.17%)and Yunong 903(28.59%),and the genotypes showing high plantlet regeneration ability were Xiaoyan 22(46.69%),Zhengmai 136(49.62%),Luomai 28(64.45%),Henong 6425(41.47%)and Yunong 903(31.69%).Through identifying the genotypes with high regeneration ability,this study provided the genotypes suitable for haploid breeding,gene mapping and genetic transformation in common wheat.

关 键 词：小麦 花药培养体系优化 基因型 碳源 植株再生能力 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]