敏感个人信息的刑法特殊保护研究  

Study on Special Protection of Sensitive Personal Information in Criminal Law

作　　者：刘宪权[1] LIU Xianquan

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学

出　　处：《法学评论》2022年第3期1-10,共10页Law Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“网络时代的社会治理与刑法体系的理论创新”(项目编号:20&ZD199)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：敏感个人信息具有极易诱发歧视性、极高人身依附性、极强财产关联性和有关儿童的特殊性。侵犯公民敏感个人信息行为对公民的人格尊严、人身安全和财产安全容易造成重大侵害。我国刑法相关规定应突出加大对敏感个人信息特殊保护的力度。在关于敏感个人信息的规定方面,刑法司法解释与《个人信息保护法》存在不一致。刑法司法解释对敏感个人信息进行分级,没有明确提及生物识别信息和不满14周岁未成年人的个人信息,对敏感个人信息规定的方式不符合逻辑的展开。《个人信息保护法》没有对敏感个人信息进行分级,明确将生物识别信息和不满14周岁未成年人的个人信息规定为敏感个人信息,对敏感个人信息采用“概括+列举”的规定方式科学、合理。刑法不应将侵犯公民敏感个人信息行为增设为新罪,应通过调整现有侵犯公民个人信息罪的规定,增加敏感个人信息特殊保护的内容。刑法司法解释应取消现有的关于敏感个人信息的分级,将非法获取、出售或者提供公民敏感个人信息行为的起刑点设定为“50条以上”,并保持侵犯公民敏感个人信息“情节特别严重”较“情节严重”10倍以上的认定标准。Sensitive personal information has the attributes of being easily discriminatory,highly dependent on individuals,highly related to property,and having special characteristics concerning children.Violations of citizens’ sensitive personal information are easy to cause major damage to citizens’ personal dignity,personal safety and property safety.The relevant provisions of China’s criminal law should focus on strengthening the special protection of sensitive personal information.The judicial interpretation of the criminal law is inconsistent with the provisions of the Personal Information Protection Law on sensitive personal information.The Judicial Interpretation of the Criminal Law classifies sensitive personal information,and does not explicitly mention biometric information and personal information of minors under the age of 14 and the way to regulate sensitive personal information is illogical.The Personal Information Protection Law does not classify sensitive personal information.It clearly defines biometric information and personal information of minors under the age of 14 as sensitive personal information,and adopts a scientific and reasonable method of "summarization + enumeration" for sensitive personal information.The Criminal Law should not add a new crime of infringing on citizens’ sensitive personal information,and should increase the content of special protection of sensitive personal information by adjusting the existing provisions on the crime of infringing citizens’ personal information.The judicial interpretation of the criminal law should cancel the existing classification of sensitive personal information,set the starting point of illegal acquisition,sale or provision of sensitive personal information of citizens to "50 or more",and maintain the recognition standard that the "circumstances are particularly serious" of infringing upon citizens’ sensitive personal information is more than 10 times that of "circumstances are serious".

关 键 词：敏感个人信息 刑法规定 刑法司法解释 完善路径 分级取消 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D924.3[政治法律—法学]