慈善公益诉讼制度的证立与构成  

Establishment and Composition of Charity Public Interest Litigation System

作　　者：李晓倩[1,2] LI Xiaoqian

机构地区：[1]吉林大学法学院 [2]吉林大学司法数据应用研究中心

出　　处：《法学评论》2022年第3期51-62,共12页Law Review

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“捐助法人治理的中国逻辑”(项目编号:18CFX074)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《慈善法》确立了慈善组织治理的“权力主导”规范模式,同时,受传统大陆法系财团法人理论和制度的影响,我国慈善组织制度虚化了捐赠人与慈善组织之间的私法关系,从而导致“权力失灵”与“权利孱弱”的双重治理困境。基于公益诉讼制度在慈善领域的适应性,慈善公益诉讼应当成为我国慈善组织治理的补充性机制。立足于司法权与行政权的分工,慈善公益诉讼可定位为慈善组织治理的“动态衡平”机制,以避免司法权对行政权的僭越。在慈善公益诉讼的制度构成上,应当将检察机关确立为适格原告,将停止侵害、赔礼道歉、义务履行作为法院可予支持的诉讼请求,并将检察建议作为前置程序。The Charity Law establishes a “power-led” normative model of the governance of charitable organizations.At the same time,influenced by the traditional theory and system of consortium in civil law system,the charitable organization system blurs the relationship between donors and charitable organizations in private law,which leads to the dual governance dilemma of “power failure” and “undeveloped rights”.Due to the adaptability of the public interest litigation system in the field of charity,charitable public interest litigation can become a supplementary mechanism for the governance of charitable organizations in China.Based on the division of judicial power and administrative power,charitable public interest litigation should be positioned as a “dynamic equilibrium” mechanism for the governance of charitable organizations,which aims to prevent judicial power from overriding administrative power.Regarding the composition of the system of charitable public interest litigation,the procuratorate should be designed to be the qualified plaintiff,procuratorial recommendations should be taken as pre-procedures,and cessation of infringement,apology,and fulfillment of obligations should be supported by the court as litigation claims.

关 键 词：慈善组织 公益诉讼 检察机关 适格原告 诉讼请求 

分 类 号：D922.182.3[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]