水平结构配置对冬小麦冠层垂直结构、微环境及产量的影响  

Effects of horizontal structure on canopy vertical structure,microenvironment and yield of Triticum aestivum

作　　者：熊淑萍[1] 曹文博 曹锐 张志勇[1] 付新露 徐赛俊 潘虎强 王小纯[2] 马新明[1] XIONG Shu-Ping;CAO Wen-Bo;CAO Rui;ZHANG Zhi-Yong;FU Xin-Lu;XU Sai-Jun;PAN Hu-Qiang;WANG Xiao-Chun;MA Xin-Ming(Key Laboratory of Regulating and Controlling Crop Growth and Development(Ministry of Education),College of Agronomy,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China;College of Life Science,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院,作物生长发育调控教育部重点实验室,郑州450046 [2]河南农业大学生命科学学院,郑州450002

出　　处：《植物生态学报》2022年第2期188-196,共9页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：河南省高等学校重点科研项目(21A210015);河南省小麦产业技术体系项目(S2010-01-G04);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300205)。

摘　　要：作物的冠层结构是影响产量的重要因素,群体微环境反映了作物冠层内小气候的变化,与作物的冠层结构及产量形成密切相关。该研究在大田试验条件下,设置等行距(R_(1),20 cm+20 cm)、宽窄行(R_(2),12 cm+12 cm+12 cm+24 cm)两种不同行距和低(D_(1),120.0 kg·hm^(-2))、中(D_(2),157.5 kg·hm^(-2))、高(D_(3),195.0 kg·hm^(-2))3个播量配置组合,分析了不同处理组合下冬小麦(Triticum aestivum)生育后期冠层垂直结构、群体微环境及产量表现,旨在优化小麦绿色栽培措施,在不增加水肥投入情况下,挖掘冬小麦的生产潜力和进一步增产的可能性和可行性。结果表明:冬小麦上、中、下3个层次冠层开度(DIFN)、平均叶倾角(MLA)及叶面积指数(LAI)均表现为R_(2)大于R_(1),且R_(2)行距上层和中层DIFN、各层次MLA及LAI显著高于R_(1),在相同行距下,D_(3)播量LAI下降迅速,D_(2)播量的LAI及其中层和下层的MLA最高,并与D_(1)、D_(3)差异显著;冬小麦冠层温度和群体CO_(2)浓度均随着播量的增大而降低,而相对湿度随播量增大而增大;在相同播量下,R_(2)行距较R_(1)更具有降温保湿能力,冠层平均温度较R_(1)下降了0.06-0.5℃,相对湿度较R_(1)提高了1.85%-3.15%;在相同播量下,R_(2)行距千粒质量、穗粒数都显著大于R_(1),因此R_(2)籽粒产量也显著高于R_(1)。综上所述,冬小麦的水平结构配置可显著改变其冠层的垂直结构及群体微环境,有利于冬小麦生长发育后期籽粒的灌浆,在不减少穗数的情况下,提高穗粒数及千粒质量,从而达到增产目的。在该试验中以R_(2)D_(2)配置的冠层结构、群体微环境及产量最佳。Aims Canopy structure of crops is an important factor affecting crop yield.The microenvironment of a community reflects the change of microclimate in the canopy,which is closely related to the canopy structure and crop yield formation.The aim of this study was to optimize the cultivation measures and improve the production potential and yield of winter wheat(Triticum aestivum).Methods A field experiment was set up to be composed of two row spacing modes,R_(1)(equal spacing,20 cm+20 cm)and R_(2)(wide and narrow row spacing,12 cm+12 cm+12 cm+24 cm),and three sowing rates,D_(1)(low,120.0 kg·hm^(-2)),D_(2)(medium,157.5 kg·hm^(-2)),D_(3)(high,195.0 kg·hm^(-2)),then the canopy structure,community microenvironment and yield performance of winter wheat under each treatment combination were analyzed.Important findings For the diffusenon-interceptance(DIFN),mean leaf angle(MLA)and leaf area index(LAI)of each layer of the winter wheat canopy,R_(2) was greater than R1,especially in the middle and upper layers of the canopy.For the MLA and LAI of each layer,R_(2) was mostly significantly greater than R_(1);Under the same row spacing,the LAI of the high seeding population dropped rapidly,and LAI of the D_(2) seeding rate and the middle and lower MLA were significantly higher than the other seeding rates at D_(2).Winter wheat canopy temperature and community CO_(2) concentration decreased with the increased sowing rate,while the relative humidity increased with the increased sowing rate;Under the same sowing rate,the row spacing of R_(2) had more cooling and moisturizing ability than that of R_(1).The average temperature and relative humidity of the overall canopy decreased by 0.06-0.5°C and increased by 1.85%-3.15%compared with R_(1),respectively.Under the same sowing rate,the 1000 grain weight and grain number per spike of R_(2) were significantly higher than that of R_(1),so the grain yield of R_(2) was also significantly higher than that of R_(1).In conclusion,the horizontal distribution of crops can change the vertical

关 键 词：冬小麦 水平分布 冠层垂直结构 微环境 产量 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]