高光效水稻鉴定筛选方法  

A method for screening and identification of rice varieties with high effective photosynthesis

作　　者：路龙祥 冀占东 刘志坚 庄勇 魏明 李辉[1,2] 黄维藻 汪德锋[3] 杜安平 涂升斌[1,2] LU Longxiang;JI Zhandong;LIU Zhijian;ZHUANG Yong;WEI Ming;LI Hui;HUANG Weizao;WANG Defeng;DU Anping;TU Shengbin(Chengdu Institute of Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Sanya Nanfan Science and Technology Research Institute,Sanya 572000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院成都生物研究所,成都610041 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]三亚市南繁科学技术研究院,三亚572000

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2022年第2期358-364,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“七大农作物育种”重点专项(2017YFD0100201);东南亚等“一带一路”国家稻麦品种技术创新转移与示范推广项目(15175KYSB20180006);缅甸等“一带一路”国家水稻品种技术创新转移合作研究项目(2019YFH0043);2019年海南省重大科技计划项目资助。

摘　　要：高光效育种是提高水稻产量的重要手段.现有的高光效种质筛选体系多以光合作用指标作为重要依据,而室外田间光合作用测定操作难度大、稳定性较差,同时存在高光效材料不一定高产的问题.为探索出一种简便高效的高光效高产水稻种质资源筛选鉴定方法,从前期收集的300份籼稻资源中,筛选出18份高光效籼稻和6份低光效籼稻材料,并通过测定包括对照在内共计33份重点籼稻材料的苗期净光合速率,结合重要农艺性状以及田间产量数据进行高光效高产水稻种质的筛选鉴定.鉴定出6份高光效籼稻品种,PLOVDIV 24、E 2040、MAMORIAKA、TSAO SHENG LI 1、YONG JIN ZAO 3和KUTAI PAYA,其净光合速率在17-18μmol m^(-2) s^(-1)之间,单株产量在30 g左右,与明恢63、9311等品种相当.通过生物量与产量的相关分析发现,日均生物量与日均产量存在明显的正相关关系,相关系数为0.853;日均草重与日均生物量也存在正相关关系,相关系数为0.782.偏相关分析发现,日均草重与日均产量之间呈现负相关关系.上述结果表明可以将日均草重和日均生物量作为前期指标鉴定其光合能力,即前期看“早生快发”,后期通过经济产量数据鉴定其高产特性,从而探索出前期看“早发快生”、后期看“日均产量”的高光效、高产水稻种质筛选育种方法.(图4表1参50)Breeding for high-photosynthetic efficiency is an important means to improve rice yield.The current screening system of high effective photosynthesis materials mostly takes photosynthesis index as the important basis.However,it is difficult and unstable when photosynthesis is measured in outdoor fields.At the same time,materials with high effective photosynthesis may not be high yielding.Therefore,to explore a simple and efficient method for screening and identifying high effective photosynthesis and high-yield rice material resources,eighteen indica rice materials with high effective photosynthesis and six indica rice materials with lowly effective photosynthesis were screened from previously collected 300 indica rice resources,and the net photosynthetic rate of 33 key indica rice materials including controls were determined at seedling stage.Combining with the data of other agronomic traits and field yield,the rice materials with high effective photosynthesis and high yield were screened and identified.Six indica rice materials with high effective photosynthesis:PLOVDIV 24,E 2040,MAMORIAKA,TSAO SHENG LI 1,YONG JIN ZAO 3,and KUTAI PAYA were identified in this study.Their net photosynthetic rates ranged from 17 to 18μmol m^(-2) s^(-1) and yield per plant was about 30 g,which was close to that of Minghui 63 and 9311.Through the correlation analysis of biomass and yield,we found that there was a significant positive correlation between daily average biomass and daily average yield,and the correlation coefficient was 0.853.There was also a positive correlation between daily average grass weight and daily average biomass,and the correlation coefficient was 0.782.Partial correlation analysis showed that there was a negative correlation between daily average grass weight and daily average yield.These results indicate that daily average grass weight and daily average biomass can be used as indicators to identify photosynthetic capacity of rice with high effective photosynthesis at early stage.Thus the property of“ear

关 键 词：水稻 高光效育种 早生快发 日均生物量 日均产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]