植物源生物炭材料的制备及其在农药残留领域中的应用进展  

Progress in preparation of plant biomass-derived biochar and application in pesticide residues field

作　　者：张贤钊 甄大卫 刘丰茂[1] 彭庆蓉[1] 王宗义[2] ZHANG Xianzhao;ZHEN Dawei;LIU Fengmao;PENG Qingrong;WANG Zongyi(Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection and Control of Spoilage Microorganisms and Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Products, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学理学院应用化学系,农药创新中心,北京100193 [2]北京农学院,农产品有害微生物及农残安全检测与控制北京市重点实验室,北京102206

出　　处：《色谱》2022年第6期499-508,共10页Chinese Journal of Chromatography

摘　　要：随着农药的广泛使用,其已普遍存在于环境中,对人们的身体健康产生巨大影响。因此,环境中农药残留的去除和分析检测对保护人体安全健康至关重要。同时,农药在环境中残留浓度低,需要一种对目标物有较强选择性和富集作用,并对环境影响小的前处理吸附剂。植物源生物炭是由植物源生物质作为碳源衍生得到的材料,其比表面积大、孔容量高、表面官能团可调节,且环境相容性好,其原料植物源生物质的价格低廉、来源广泛并可再生,是一种廉价高效的吸附剂。该文主要综述了近10年来植物源生物炭用于环境中农药残留去除和分析检测前处理的应用进展。其中在农药残留去除方面的应用主要包括降低农药在土壤中的移动性,修复手性农药造成的污染,负载降解农药的细菌及作为化肥的缓释载体。在农药残留分析检测前处理方面,植物源生物炭可用作分散固相萃取、固相微萃取和磁性固相萃取的吸附剂来选择性吸附水果和蔬菜中的有机磷类和三唑类农药,以及水环境中的有机氯类农药。另外,还介绍了植物源生物炭的吸附机理,详细阐述了基于计算模拟如密度泛函理论、分子动力学模拟和巨正则蒙特卡洛模拟的吸附机理研究并讨论了其优势。最后,总结了植物源生物炭在农药去除和农药残留分析检测前处理方面应用的优势,指出了其在农药残留领域应用待解决的问题。Pesticides such as insecticides,fungicides,and herbicides play an important role in the global agricultural industry as they reduce the occurrence of crop diseases,kill pests,and remove weeds.On the other hand,these pesticides are a double-edged sword because they have both acute effects and chronic adverse effects on human health.The widespread use of pesticides has led to their persistence in soil,water,and agricultural products,thus posing a serious threat to public health.Therefore,the removal and analysis of pesticides are critical to protecting human safety and health.When removing pesticides from the environment,it is imperative to ensure high removal efficiency while preventing secondary pollution to the environment.Because of the low concentrations of pesticide residue in the environment,complex matrix,and large throughput of pesticide residue analysis,a low-cost fast pre-treatment technique that has strong selectivity and an enrichment effect on the target pesticide residue,with little environmental impact,is required.Plant biomass-derived biochar is obtained from wheat straw,corn cob,rice husk,etc.This material has a large specific surface area,high pore capacity,tunable surface functional groups,and good environmental compatibility,which make it an inexpensive and efficient adsorbent.Hence,there is a need to systematically review the knowledge regarding the application of plant-based biochar on pesticide removal and pesticide residue analysis.This paper reviews the application progress of plant biomass-derived biochar in the above mentioned two areas over the last decade.The pesticide removal applications include reducing the mobility of pesticides in soil,eliminating the pollution caused by chiral pesticides,loading pesticide-degrading bacteria,and releasing fertilizers sustainably when removing pesticide.As mentioned above,plant biomass-derived biochar has a large specific surface area,a high number of functional groups on the surface,and good environmental compatibility.Therefore,it can effectively

关 键 词：制备方法 农药去除 残留分析 理论计算 植物源生物炭材料 综述 

分 类 号：O658[理学—分析化学]