社会网络与收入多样化:非正规借贷和就业的中介作用  

Social Network and Income Diversification:Mediating Role of Informal Credit and Employment

作　　者：王群勇[1] 张乃丹 WANG Qunyong;ZHANG Naidan

机构地区：[1]南开大学经济学院,天津300071

出　　处：《农业技术经济》2022年第4期50-66,共17页Journal of Agrotechnical Economics

基　　金：国家科技部重大专项课题“智能计算软件平台研制”(编号:2018YFB0204304)。

摘　　要：本文运用中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS),分析了社会网络对农村家庭收入多样化的积极作用,考虑到社会网络存在内生性问题和样本选择偏误,本文在Tobit模型基础上结合Heckman两步法、工具变量法解决问题。本文发现两个重要的中介机制——就业推荐和非正规借贷,具体表现为:社会网络通过帮助家庭成员实现就业来获得报酬,收入来源增加进而提高了收入多样化水平;另外,社会网络能有效提供正规和非正规的资金支持,然而只有非正规借贷发挥了中介机制从而拓展了收入来源渠道。本文的结论及政策含义包括,收入来源渠道的多样化对农村家庭具有特殊的意义,而社会网络的非正规借贷机制和就业机制显著提升了收入多样化水平。农村家庭注重农村社会网络培育、合理利用非正规社会网络关系来解决信息不对称、资金约束、抵御风险等问题,政府相关部门也应利用好社会网络效应来实现政策目标,这对于帮助农村家庭提高收入多样化水平,维持可持续生计,充分发挥农村市场潜力和扩大农村地区内需,实现乡村振兴、构建“双循环”新发展格局有着重要意义。The Chinese family dynamic tracking survey(CFPS) data were used to explore the positive effect of social networks on rural household income diversification.This paper combines the Heckman two-step estimation(Heckit) with instrumental variable based on the Tobit model in consideration of the endogeneity of social networks and sample selection bias.Two significant mechanisms(employment and informal credit) are founded through the mechanism tests,which are manifested as follows:social network provides the channels of access to employment,and thus expand the source of income which contributes to diversifying income;In addition,the social network plays a more important role in effectively alleviating resource constraints.However,only informal credit plays an intermediary role in expanding more sources of income.The conclusion and policy implications of this paper are as follows:income diversification is of special significance to rural families,and the financing mechanism and employment mechanism of social networks promote the level of income diversification.Because rural families are the most vulnerable in the face of uncertainty,it is of great significance to pay attention to the cultivation of rural social networks,and thus to rationally use these to solve information asymmetry,financial constraints and risks,and what’s more,the government departments should also make use of the social network to achieve policy objectives.It’s of great significance to help rural household improve their income diversification level and maintain sustainable livelihoods,and what’s more,to give full play to the potential of rural markets and expand domestic demand in rural areas,and finally to realize the rural revitalization and build a new development pattern of “dual circulation”.

关 键 词：社会网络 收入多样化 借贷资金 就业 

分 类 号：C912.3[经济管理] F323.8[社会学] F832.43F249.2