负有照护职责人员性侵罪的法益追问与适用边界--“不被诱骗的性自决权说”之提倡  

On The Probe into Legal Interest and Applicable Limits of the Crime of Sexual Assault by Personnel with Care Responsibilities:The Advocacy of"The Theory of Sexual Self-determination without being Deceived"

作　　者：姜瀛[1] JIANG Ying(Law School,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学法学院,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《现代法学》2022年第3期82-97,共16页Modern Law Science

基　　金：2019年度国家社科基金青年项目“刑法立法模式与修改方式研究”(19CFX038)。

摘　　要：负有照护职责人员性侵罪的增设并未提高性同意年龄,该罪所保护的法益仍然是性自决权。具体而言,由于《刑法》第236条之一未体现出任何强制性色彩,应将之解释为“行为人利用非强制性的言辞劝诱使14至16周岁女性与之发生性关系”,本罪保护法益应被定位为不被诱骗的性自决权,其理论基础在于主体间的信息差异与信任风险。基于“不被诱骗性自决权说”,本罪的非强制性行为方式不具有危险性,可以合理诠释本罪轻缓的法定刑配置。同时,基于该说,本罪在定罪与出罪的判断上均可遵循递进式进路,由此既可以避免将本罪与强奸罪相混同,不会影响重罪的正当适用,也为出罪保留了合理空间。从体系化层面来讲,本罪作为一种相对轻缓化、不具有强制性因素的罪名,在性犯罪中确立了强制型(不同意型)与非强制型(非真实同意型)并存的二元格局,由此彰显出本罪的独立意义。The addition of the crime of sexual assault by persons with care responsibilities does not increase the age of sexual consent,and the legal interest protected by the crime is still the right of sexual self-determination.Specifically,since Article 236-1 of the Criminal Law does not reflect any mandatory color,it should be interpreted as"the perpetrator uses non-mandatory words to induce women aged 14 to 16 to have sexual relations with them".The protection of legal interests in this crime should be positioned as the right to self-determination without being lured,and its theoretical basis lies in the information difference and trust risk between subjects.Based on the theory of"the right to self-determination without being deceived",the non-mandatory behavior of this crime is not dangerous,and the allocation of legal punishment with reprieve of this crime can be reasonably interpreted.At the same time,based on the theory of"the right to self-determination without being deceived",this crime follows the progressive judgment approach in the identification and conviction judgment,which can not only avoid mixing thiscrime with the crime of rape,will not affect the legitimate application of felony,but also reserve a reasonable space for conviction.In terms of systematization,this crime,as a relatively mild and nonmandatory crime,establishes a dual pattern of the coexistence of mandatory(no consent)and non-mandatory(no genuine consent)in sexual crimes,thus highlighting the independent significance of this crime.

关 键 词：负有照护职责人员 法益 性自决权 诱骗 

分 类 号：D924.34[政治法律—刑法学]