数字时代的人权何以重要:论作为价值系统的数字人权  

Why Human Rights is Important in the Digital Age: A Research on Digital Human Rights as a Value System

作　　者：高一飞 GAO Yi-fei(School of Law,Zhejiang Gongshang University,Hangzhou 310018,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江工商大学法学院,杭州310018

出　　处：《现代法学》2022年第3期150-165,共16页Modern Law Science

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金项目“数字人权的司法保障机制研究”(21CFX005)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：数字人权面临着独立性难题和有效性诘问。作为反思,数字人权既不是与现有人权并列的新类别,亦不可简单归类为某一人权价值之下的新内容,而是强调在适度区隔人权与权利的前提下,重申数字时代人之于科技应用的自主性价值,并将人权作为评价或指引数字科技应用的价值准则。根据“权利—义务”“解释—建构”的双重界分以及“领域命题”—“情境命题”的理路分殊,数字人权能够细化为“人权的数字形态”“基于数字的人权”“数字中的人权”“通过数字的人权”四种形态,四者共同塑造了人权话语的象征功能、人权概念的指示功能、人权制度的规范功能。沿此进路,数字人权更类似于一个介于纯粹抽象人权价值与具体权利形态之间的“问题式范畴”,以“自主性”为价值核心进行内部整合,藉此判断“特定事物是否具有人权价值”,并因之可能成为司法裁判过程中的价值标准。Digital human rights cannot be regarded as a new type of human rights or a new content of a specific human rights because of the lack of independent and effective attributes. By distinguishing between the concepts of human rights and fundamental rights, we place them in the context of the “digital age” and re-examine the “value of human autonomy”, thus making human rights a “norm of value”. Based on the criteria of “rights - obligations” and “ interpretation - construction”, and distinguishing between “realm thesis” and “context thesis”, digital human rights can include “digital forms of human rights”, “digital-based human rights”, “human rights in digital form”, and “human rights through digital way”. These four exhibit the symbolic function of human rights discourse, the indicative function of human rights concepts, and the normative function of human rights institutions. Therefore, “digital human rights” is a problematic concept between abstract human rights values and concrete rights, with “autonomy” as the core value, which can judge whether things are in line with human rights standards and can therefore be applied to judicial decisions.

关 键 词：数字人权 人权价值 数据权利 算法歧视 人权行动计划 

分 类 号：D90[政治法律—法学理论]