蒸气冷却屏内仲-正氢转化释冷效应分析  

Analysis of Cooling Effect of Para-ortho Hydrogen Conversion in Vapor Cooling Shield

作　　者：孟垂举 张亮 黄永华[1] MENG Chuiju;ZHANG Liang;HUANG Yonghua(Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;Shanghai Institute of Astronautical Systems Engineering,Shanghai 201108,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学制冷与低温工程研究所,上海200240 [2]上海宇航系统工程研究所,上海201108

出　　处：《真空与低温》2022年第3期279-284,共6页Vacuum and Cryogenics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51936006);上海航天先进技术联合研究基金(USCAST2019-4)。

摘　　要：氢分子有正氢和仲氢两种同分异构体,由于转动能级差异,仲氢向正氢的转化过程会伴随吸热效应。在液氢贮箱或槽罐的蒸气冷却屏内加装仲-正氢转化器,可在气体显热的基础上额外利用仲-正氢转换的冷量,从而进一步降低蒸发损失,延长液氢贮存时间。为定量研究蒸气冷却屏耦合仲-正氢释冷效应的绝热性能及影响因素,建立了包含蒸气冷却屏、真空多层材料以及仲-正氢转化释冷源在内的系统级液氢贮箱模型,研究了排气过程中的仲-正氢转化释冷效应和热量传递过程,考察了仲-正氢转化器位置、数量和热边界温度等因素对仲-正氢转化释冷量的影响,获得了蒸气冷却屏内仲-正氢转化释冷效应对蒸气冷却屏绝热性能的影响规律。Hydrogen molecules have two isomers,namely orthohydrogen and parahydrogen.Due to the difference in rotational energy levels,the conversion process from parahydrogen to orthohydrogen accompanies endothermic effects.Integration of a para-ortho hydrogen converter to the vapor cooling shield of a liquid hydrogen storage tank enables additional cooling capacity other than the sensible heat of the vented gas,which further reduces the evaporation loss and consequently extends the storage life of the liquid.In order to quantitatively evaluate the insulation performance and the influencing factors,a system-level model for the liquid hydrogen tank containing a vapor cooling shield,a multilayer insulation materials,and para-ortho hydrogen converters has been established.The cooling effect of the para-ortho hydrogen conversion and the heat transfer process during the venting process was studied.The effects of position and quantity of the paraortho hydrogen converters and the thermal boundary temperature on the cooling power were investigated.The general behavior of the para-ortho hydrogen conversion cooling effect and its contribution to the insulation performance of the vapor cooling shield is presented.

关 键 词：液氢 蒸气冷却屏 仲-正氢 转化释冷 

分 类 号：TB657[一般工业技术—制冷工程]