聚乳酸基压电材料的研究和应用  

Research and Application of Polylactic Acid-based Piezoelectric Materials

作　　者：段瑞侠[1] 陈金周[1] 刘文涛[1] 何素琴[1] 刘浩[1] 黄淼铭 朱诚身[1] DUAN Ruixia;CHEN Jinzhou;LIU Wentao;HE Suqin;LIU Hao;HUANG Miaoming;ZHU Chengshen(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学材料科学与工程学院,郑州450001

出　　处：《材料导报》2022年第10期211-218,共8页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2018YFD0400702)。

摘　　要：随着全社会对环保的重视特别是限塑令的实施,生物可降解材料深受大众欢迎,其中典型代表为聚乳酸,其被广泛应用于包装和医药等一次性领域。现阶段对聚乳酸的研究主要集中在改善其韧性,将其应用于包装等低端市场,与其高价位不相符。但在充分利用聚乳酸质软、加工条件温和、生物相容性好等优点的基础上,通过特殊工艺过程赋予其剪切压电性,有望进一步提高聚乳酸的附加值,将其应用于柔性传感器件、微机电系统、可穿戴设备等智能领域。常规未经处理的聚乳酸中C=O偶极子方向是随机分布的,没有压电性能,只有经过特殊处理使偶极子垂直于分子链方向平行排列时,才可能产生剪切压电性。压电聚乳酸的应用形式主要为薄膜和纤维膜,实现压电性的常用方法有加热拉伸、静电纺丝、模板浸润等。现阶段研究制备的压电聚乳酸的压电常数普遍较小,与其结晶度和分子链的取向度有关。通过提高聚乳酸的结晶度和取向度,可得到剪切压电性能优良的材料。本文主要介绍聚乳酸压电性的产生机理、提高压电性的方法和聚乳酸基材料压电性在传感器、驱动器、发电机、电子皮肤等方面的应用进展,最后展望可降解聚乳酸的高附加值应用。As the whole society attaches great importance to environmental protection,especially the implementation of the plastic ban,biodegradable materials are welcomed by the public.Among them,the typical represent is polylactic acid(PLA),which is widely used in the disposable fields,such as packaging and medicine field.At present,researches on PLA mainly focus on improving its toughness and applications in the lo-wend market like packaging,so its applications are not consistent with its present high price.However,on the basis of advantages such as soft property,mild process,and biocompatibility,PLA has shear piezoelectric property by some special processes.It is expected to improve the additional value of PLA,and PLA can be used in intelligent fields,such as flexible sensors,MEMs systems and wearable devices.Conventional untreated PLA has random C=O dipole directions,so it has no piezoelectric property.But shear piezoelectric property is possible produced if PLA is specially treated to make the dipoles parallel to the direction of the molecular chain.The application forms of piezoelectric PLA product are mainly thin film and fiber film.The common methods to realize piezoelectric property include heating and drawing,electrospinning,template infiltration,etc.At present,the piezoelectric constant of PLA research is small,which is related to its crystallinity and orientation of molecular chain.The material with excellent shear piezoelectric properties can be obtained by improving the crystallinity and orientation of PLA.This article mainly introduces the generation mechanism of the piezoelectric property of PLA,the methods to improve the piezoelectric property and the application progress of piezoelectric property of PLA in sensors,actuators,generators,electronic skin,etc.Finally the high value-added application of this degraded polylactic acid are prospected.

关 键 词：聚乳酸 压电性 静电纺丝 传感器 可穿戴设备 

分 类 号：TB324[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TB34