三江源地区降雪量演变特征及其对径流的影响  

The Variation Characteristics of Snowfall and Its Infulence on Runoff in Three-Rivers-Source Region

作　　者：刘义花[1,2] 李红梅 申红艳[1,2] 刘绿柳 任德山[4] 李金海 LIU Yihua;LI Hongmei;SHEN Hongyan;LIU Lüliu;REN Deshan;LI Jinhai(Climate Center of Qinghai,Xining 810001,Qinghai,China;Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation in Qinghai Province,Xining 810001,Qinghai,China;National Climate Center,China meteorological administration,Beijing 100081,China;Geermu Meteorological service,Geermu 816099,Qinghai,China;Qinghai meteorological observatory,Xining 810000,Qinghai,China)

机构地区：[1]青海省气候中心,青海西宁810001 [2]青海省气象防灾减灾重点实验室,青海西宁810001 [3]国家气候中心,北京100081 [4]格尔木市气象局,青海格尔木816099 [5]青海省气象台,青海西宁810001

出　　处：《高原气象》2022年第2期420-429,共10页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U20A2081);青海省基础研究计划项目(2022-ZJ-767)。

摘　　要：利用1961-2019年三江源地区19个气象台站逐日气温、降水量等气象观测数据,分析了三江源地区降雪量、降雪日数和雪雨比的时空演变特征及其对径流量的影响。结果表明:(1)1961-2019年三江源地区平均降雪量为146.5 mm,降雪量以14.8 mm·(10a);的速率在减少,1985-1999年为降雪量偏多期,2000年以来为降雪量偏少期;(2)三江源地区年平均雪雨比以4.0%·(10a)^(-1)的速率在减少,长江源区西部及黄河源区西部是雪雨比减少最为明显的区域,其余地区减少速率相对缓慢;(3)三江源地区年平均降雪日数为91天,曲麻莱、五道梁、沱沱河一带以及黄河源区中西部是降雪日数的大值区,降雪日数以14 d·(10a)^(-1)的速率在减少,黄河源区西部是降雪日数减少最为明显的区域;(4)三江源地区各月降雪量及降雪日数均呈双峰型分布,降雪量和降雪日数最多出现在5月,小雪易出现在3月或4月,中雪和大雪以上量级在秋末、春季出现的概率最高;(5)随着海拔的抬升,降雪量和降雪日数增加,随经度的增加而减少;冷季降雪量多的年份,径流量也随之增大,且径流量相对于降雪量的响应滞后。Based on daily temperature and precipitation data of 19 Meteorological stations in the Three-RiversSource region from 1961 to 2019,the temporal and spatial variations of snowfall,snowfall days and snowfall/rainfall ratio were analyzed. The results indicated that as follows:The mean snowfall was 146. 5 mm from 1961to 2019,and snowfall was decreasing every 14. 8 mm per 10 years,the period of 1985 to 1999 witnessed more snowfalls,Since the 2000s,the snowfall has decreased distinctly. There was an obviously decreasing trend every4. 0% per 10 years for snowfall/rainfall ratio in Three-Rivers-Source region,especially in the west of yangtze river source region and yellow river source region,the mean snowfall days was 91-day in the recent 59 years in Three-Rivers-Source region,Qu Malai,Wu Daoliang,Tuo Tuohe in yangtze river source region and the west and central of yellow river source region were more snowfall days than other regions,snowfall days was decreasing every 14 days per 10 years,this trend was obviously in the west of the yellow river source region;The snowfall and snowfall days showed double peaks distribution in the research period,the snowfall days and snowfall are more happened in May,the light snow is more happened in March and April,medium snow and heavy snow are more happened in the late autumn and spring;The trend of snowfall days and snowfall showed increasing as the altitude rises,and it decreases as the longitude rises. In addition,global warming is the mainly reason for decreasing snowfall and snowfall days,there was a high relationship between snowfall in clod phase and runoff in spring,and it also had a big difference in Three-Rivers-Source region,the runoff is lagged response to snowfall.

关 键 词：三江源地区 降雪量 降雪日数 雪雨比 径流量 

分 类 号：P426[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]