青海高原暴雨的形成条件与基本特征分析  

Torrential Rain in Qinghai Plateau:Forming Conditions and Characteristics

作　　者：李生辰[1,3] 张青梅[2] 沈晓燕[1] 马海超[2] 张海宏[1] 马琼[2] LI Shengchen;ZHANG Qingmei;SHENG Xiaoyan;MA Haichao;ZHANG Haihong;MA Qiong(Institute of Meteorological Sciences Qinghai Province,Xining 810001,Qinghai,China;Qinghai Meteorological Observatory,Xining 810001,Qinghai,China;Key Laboratory for Disaster Prevention and Reduction in Qinghai Province,Xining 810001,Qinghai,China)

机构地区：[1]青海省气象科学研究所,青海西宁810001 [2]青海省气象台,青海西宁810001 [3]青海省防灾减灾重点实验室,青海西宁810001

出　　处：《高原气象》2022年第2期526-540,共15页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：青海省科技厅应用基础研究项目(2021-ZJ-753);国家自然科学基金项目(91337109);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201306006)。

摘　　要：综合运用2007-2017年青海省52个自动气象站小时降水资料,ERA-interim 0.5°×0.5°以及FY-2卫星TBB资料,对青海地区暴雨的形成条件和基本特征进行了分析。结果表明,西太平洋副热带高压(以下简称副高)和青藏高原低涡切变(以下简称低涡切变)是影响青海暴雨的主要天气系统,将青海暴雨类型划分为副高边缘型、副高控制型和低涡切变型三种。研究表明:(1)南亚高压中心位置位于青海南部或四川北部,且副高西脊点位于90°E-100°E,32°N时,有利于副高边缘型和副高控制型暴雨的形成;南亚高压中心位置偏南,位于西藏时,有利于低涡切变型暴雨形成。(2)形成暴雨的对流系统主要有低空急流影响下的移动性对流单体,副高控制下原地生消的非移动性对流单体以及高原切变线维持下的多单体合并。(3)副高边缘和副高控制型暴雨的水汽源地主要来自西太平洋地区,低涡切变型暴雨的水汽源地主要来自孟加拉湾地区,其次是中纬度西风带地区。(4)副高边缘型暴雨具有典型的锋面降水特征,暴雨区出现在θ_(se)等值线向北倾斜密集区,以混合性降水为主,平均降水持续时间为12 h;副高控制型暴雨发生在高温高湿环境中,降水效率高,以对流性降水为主,平均降水持续时间为6 h;低涡切变型暴雨的发生环境也具有斜压锋区特征,但θ_(se)等值线相对稀疏,以稳定性降水为主,平均降水持续时间为18 h。This study aims to analyze the forming conditions and characteristics of torrential rain in Qinghai Plateau from 2007 to 2017 based on data from 52 regional automatic weather stations in Qinghai Province,ERA-interim 1°×1° and FY-2 TBB database. The analysis indicates that the Western Pacific subtropical high(hereinafter referred to as the subtropical high)and the Qinhai-Xizang Plateau low vortex shear(hereinafter referred to as the low vortex shear)are the main weather systems that affect the torrential rain in Qinghai Province. Based on the analysis,this study further divides the weather patterns for torrential rain in Qinghai Province into three types:Type of subtropical high border,type of subtropical high control and low vortex shear type. The results suggest that:(1)When the center of South Asia High Pressure is located in the southern part of Qinghai or the northern part of Sichuan,and the west ridge of subtropical high is located at 90°E-100°E and 32°N,it is more likely to produce the subtropical high control and border type torrential rain;When the center of South Asia High Pressure is southward,located in Xizang,it is then conducive to the formation of the low vortex shear type torrential rain.(2)The convective systems that produced the torrential rain mainly includes the mobile convective storms under the influence of the low-level jet stream,the non-mobile convective storms under the control of the subtropical high and the merging of multiple convective storms under the maintenance of the plateau shear line.(3)The water vapor source of the subtropical high control and border type torrential rain mainly comes from the Western Pacific region,while the vortex shear type torrential rain mainly comes from the Bay of Bengal,followed by the mid-latitude westerlies as secondary water vapor sources.(4)The torrential rain on the border of subtropical high has the typical characteristic of frontal precipitation. The rainstorm area appears in the concentrated area of the θ_(se) isogram inclined to the north

关 键 词：青海省 暴雨 对流系统 降水特征 

分 类 号：P458.121.1[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]