生物表面活性剂驱油性能  

Oil displacement performance of biosurfactants

作　　者：林军章 王静[1,2] 汪卫东[1,2] 冯云[1,2] 谭晓明 丁明山[1,2] LIN Junzhang;WANG Jing;WANG Weidong;FENG Yun;TAN Xiaoming;DING Mingshan(Key Laboratory of Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery, Shengli Oilfield Company, SINOPEC, Dongying 257000, China;Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering and Technology, Shengli Oilfield Company, SINOPEC, Dongying 257000, China)

机构地区：[1]中国石化微生物采油重点实验室,山东东营257000 [2]中国石化胜利油田分公司石油工程技术研究院,山东东营257000

出　　处：《中国石油大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第2期145-151,共7页Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(51774188);中石化科技攻关项目(218021-2)。

摘　　要：利用界面张力、乳化性能、润湿和驱油效率等测试手段研究槐糖脂、鼠李糖脂和脂肽3种类型生物表面活性剂的驱油性能。结果表明生物表面活性剂油水界面张力为10^(-1) mN/m数量级,润湿指数为0.36,由于鼠李糖脂和脂肽同时具有较强的降界面张力和润湿反转性能,能大幅降低原油从岩石表面剥离的黏附功(黏附功下降幅度超过99.5%),但该过程需要较长作用时间(多于5 d);槐糖脂具有较强的原油乳化性能,400 min后乳化原油析水率仍保持在25%,试验区块原油降黏率达到85%;直接驱替过程生物表面活性剂驱油效率较低,仅为3.5%~4.8%,将生物表面活性剂注入后作用7 d再驱替,鼠李糖脂、槐糖脂和脂肽驱油效率分别达到8.46%、14.31%和10.07%,驱油效率大幅提升;3种类型生物表面活性剂驱油机制不同,鼠李糖脂和脂肽除了有降低油水界面张力的作用,主要通过润湿反转提高原油剥离能力,而槐糖脂主要通过对原油乳化降黏、增强流动性提高驱油效率。The oil displacement performance of three biosurfactants: sophorolipid, rhamnolipid and lipopeptide were investigated using interfacial tension, emulsification, wettability, and efficiency of recovery(EOR). Results indicate that the biosurfactant show interfacial tension of 10^(-1)mN/m and wettability index of 0.36. Because rhamnolipid and lipopeptide have strong properties of reducing interfacial tension and wetting alteration at the same time, the adhesion work of crude oil stripping from the rock surface can be greatly reduced(decreased by over 99.5%), which needs long time(more than 5 days). It is also found that sophorolipid presents strong crude oil emulsifying performance. After 400 min, the water precipitation rate of emulsified crude oil remains at 25%, and the viscosity reduction rate of crude oil in the test block reaches 85%. Oil displacement tests show that the oil recovery is low when the biosurfactants is directly injected, which is only 3.5%-4.8%. While the enhanced oil recovery is increased greatly as the biosurfactants is injected and retained for 5 days. The oil displacement efficiency of rhamnolipid, sophorolipid and lipopeptide reach 8.46%, 14.31% and 10.07% respectively. Three types of biosurfactants have different oil displacement mechanisms. Rhamnolipid and lipopeptide can not only reduce the interfacial tension between oil and water, but also improve the stripping capacity of crude oil mainly through wetting inversion. While sophorolipid can improve the oil displacement efficiency mainly by emulsifying and reducing viscosity of crude oil and enhancing fluidity.

关 键 词：生物表面活性剂 界面张力 乳化性能 润湿性 驱油性能 

分 类 号：TE357[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]