配碳还原焙烧-常规浸出处理锌精矿试验  

Experiment on treatment of zinc concentrate with carbon-mixed reduction roasting and conventional leaching

作　　者：曾军 谢雪珍 叶有明 蓝峻峰 廖政达 陈进中 ZENG Jun;XIE Xue-zhen;YE You-ming;LAN Jun-feng;LIAO Zheng-da;CHEN Jin-zhong(School of Food and Biochemical Engineering,Guangxi Normal University of Science and Technology,Laibin 546199,China;College of Materials Science and Engineering,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin 541004,China)

机构地区：[1]广西科技师范学院食品与生化工程学院,广西来宾546199 [2]桂林理工大学材料科学与工程学院,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《中国有色冶金》2022年第2期54-60,共7页China Nonferrous Metallurgy

基　　金：广西无机材料绿色制备与应用重点试验室培育建设(桂科AD20297139);广西科技师范学院青年科研创新团队--无机材料制备及清洁生产攻关小组(GXKS2020QNTD04);来宾市金属材料加工与清洁生产重点试验室(来科能193301)。

摘　　要：在我国,锌冶炼以传统的“焙烧-浸出-净化-电解-熔铸”工艺为主,由于锌资源的匮乏,炼锌原料主要为高铁闪锌矿。在冶炼过程中,不可避免地生成铁酸锌,由于铁酸锌性质比较稳定,使锌的浸出率降低,不仅浪费锌铁资源,还严重污染环境。基于此,以广西某锌冶炼厂的锌精矿为研究对象,采用配碳焙烧-浸出工艺来使三价铁还原成二价铁,从而防止铁酸锌的生成,以此来提高锌的浸出率。采用X-射线荧光光谱(XRF)测定元素含量,以分析原料特性。通过试验研究配碳比例、焙烧温度、焙烧时间、配碳种类及浸出方式对浸出率的影响,以确定最优的配碳焙烧-浸出工艺条件。结果表明,锌精矿采用配碳焙烧最佳的工艺条件为:焙烧温度950℃、焙烧时间1.5 h、配碳比例3%,在此条件下,使用活性炭可以使锌的浸出率达到84.39%,而不配碳焙烧的条件下,锌的浸出率仅为65.32%。通过配碳焙烧可以使三价铁还原成二价铁,有效防止铁酸锌的生成,从而提高锌的浸出率。通过反酸浸出,使用还原煤可以使锌的浸出率达到78.42%,远远低于常规浸出。因此,常规浸出工艺比反酸浸出工艺更适合配碳焙烧浸出工艺。In China,zinc smelting is mainly based on the traditional"roasting-leaching-purification-electrolysis-casting"process.Due to the lack of zinc resources,the raw material for zinc smelting is mainly high iron sphalerite.In the process of smelting,zinc ferrite is inevitably generated.Due to the relatively stable nature of zinc ferrite,the leaching rate of zinc is reduced,which not only wastes zinc and iron resources,but also seriously pollutes the environment.Based on the above,zinc concentrate of a zinc smelter in Guangxi is taken as the research object,and the process of carbon roasting-leaching is adopted to reduce ferric ion into ferrous ion,so as to prevent the generation of zinc ferrite and improve the leaching rate of zinc.The characteristics of raw materials were analyzed by determining element content with X-ray fluorescence spectrum(XRF).The effects of proportion of carbon,roasting temperature,roasting time,type of carbon and leaching method on the leaching rate were studied in order to determine the optimal process conditions of carbon roasting-leaching.The study results show that the best process conditions of zinc concentrate roasting with carbon are as follows:roasting temperature 950℃,roasting time 1.5 h,carbon ratio 3%,under the above conditions,the leaching rate of 84.39%can be obtained by using activated carbon,the leaching rate of carbon-free roasting-leaching is only 65.32%;the ferric ion can be reduced into ferrous ion by roasting with carbon,which can effectively prevent the formation of zinc ferrite and improve the leaching rate of zinc;by acid reverse leaching,the leaching rate of zinc with reduced coal can reach 78.42%,which is much lower than that of conventional leaching,therefore,the conventional leaching process is more suitable for the carbon roasting-leaching process than the acid reverse leaching process.

关 键 词：锌精矿 铁酸锌 配碳焙烧 浸出率 

分 类 号：TF803[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]