2019-2020年北京市海淀区中小学校食堂厨工诺如病毒隐性感染和聚集性疫情分析  

Investigation of latent infection of norovirus in canteen workers in primary and secondary schools in Haidian district,Beijing,2019–2020

作　　者：郭黎[1] 蔡伟[1] 邵云平[1] Guo Li;Cai Wei;Shao Yunping(Haidian District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市海淀区疾病预防控制中心,北京100094

出　　处：《疾病监测》2022年第3期352-355,共4页Disease Surveillance

基　　金：北京市海淀区预防医学会课题(No.2018HDPMA18)。

摘　　要：目的了解2019—2020年北京市海淀区中小学校食堂厨工诺如病毒隐性感染情况,结合同时期中小学校食堂厨工隐性感染诺如病毒的聚集性疫情流行病学特征,分析诺如病毒感染的影响因素,为有效防止疫情发生提供科学依据。方法采取分层抽样和横断面调查方法,采集中小学校食堂厨工粪便标本或肛拭子进行诺如病毒核酸检测,同时采用问卷调查法收集食堂厨工个人基本信息和对诺如病毒的认知情况,根据检测结果进行统计学分析,并对中小学校食堂厨工隐性感染诺如病毒的疫情进行统计学分析,分析感染影响因素。结果共有30家中小学校的785名食堂厨工参与本次调查和采样,问卷回收有效率94.27%(740/777)。标本诺如病毒核酸阳性检出率0.27%(2/740);阳性组和阴性组在性别、年龄、文化水平、诺如病毒检测阳性时间、进入食品操作间之前是否更换工作服、佩戴一次性口罩、是否洗手、饭前便后是否洗手、是否爱吃生冷海鲜产品、诺如病毒是否具有传染性的认知情况、出现呕吐、腹泻等急性胃肠炎不适症状是否去医院就诊,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);出现呕吐、腹泻等急性胃肠炎不适症状是否及时上报食堂管理者,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=27.044,P<0.05)。中小学校因食堂厨工隐性感染诺如病毒的疫情发病率与非食堂厨工感染的疫情发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=17.122,P<0.05),疫情单位标本阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=61.750,P<0.05)。结论海淀区中小学校食堂厨工诺如病毒隐性感染率为0.27%,诺如病毒感染在流行期存在引起聚集性疫情发生危险,应加强食堂厨工诺如病毒防控知识的培训,提高警惕性,做好健康监测,出现胃肠道不适症状及时上报并暂时脱岗隔离;在诺如病毒流行高发期,定期对食堂厨工采样检测,严格落实阳性检测者隔离措施,有效防止疫情发生和蔓延。Objective To understand the latent infection status of norovirus and the incidence of norovirus infection in canteen workers in primary and secondary schools in Haidian district of Beijing from 2019 to 2020,analyze the influencing factors of norovirus infection and provide scientific basis for effective prevention and control of norovirus infection.Methods Stratified sampling and cross-sectional survey were used to collect stool samples or anal swabs of canteen workers in primary and secondary schools for norovirus nucleic acid detection.At the same time,questionnaire survey was used to collect personal basic information and awareness of norovirus of the canteen workers.The latent infection status of norovirus in the canteen workers from 2019 to 2020 was statistically analyzed,and the influencing factors of the infection were further analyzed.Results A total of 785 canteen workers from 30 primary and secondary schools participated in the survey.A total of 785 questionnaires were delivered,777 were returned,in which 740 were valid(94.27%).Two norovirus nucleic acid positive samples were detected in 740 samples(0.27%).Through statistical analysis,there were no significant differences in gender,age,education level,norovirus positive time,working clothes wearing,disposable mask wearing,hand washing before entering the food operation room,hand washing before meals,raw and cold seafood product eating,and hand washing after defecation,awareness of the risk of norovirus and medical care seeking due to acute gastroenteritis between positive group and negative group(P>0.05).There was significant difference in timely reporting acute gastroenteritis symptoms,such as vomiting and diarrhea,to canteen managers between positive group and negative group(χ^(2)=27.044,P<0.05).The difference in incidence rate of norovirus infection between the canteen workers and non-canteen workers was significant(χ^(2)=17.122,P<0.05).The differences in positive rate among schools reporting epidemics were significant(χ^(2)=61.750,P<0.05).Conclus

关 键 词：诺如病毒 隐性感染 食堂厨工 采样检测 隔离措施 

分 类 号：R211[医药卫生—中医学] R512.5