肠神经胶质细胞在肠道神经免疫调节中的作用  

The role of enteric glial cells in intestinal neuroimmunomodulation

作　　者：李岩 李艳荣 张潜 李云庆 LI Yan;LI Yanrong;ZHANG Qian;LI Yunqing(Department of Anatomy,Basic Medical College,Zunyi Medical University,Zunyi 563006;The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University,Jinzhou 121000;Department of Anatomy,Histology and Embryology and K.K.Leung Brain Research Centre,School of Basic Medicine,Air Force Medical University,Xi'an 710032,China)

机构地区：[1]遵义医科大学基础医学院人体解剖学教研室,贵州遵义563006 [2]锦州医科大学附属第一医院,辽宁锦州121000 [3]空军军医大学基础医学院人体解剖与组织胚胎学教研室暨梁銶琚脑研究中心,陕西西安710032

出　　处：《细胞与分子免疫学杂志》2022年第1期84-88,共5页Chinese Journal of Cellular and Molecular Immunology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31971112)。

摘　　要：肠神经胶质细胞(EGC)作为一种特殊的神经胶质细胞,长期以来被认为仅具有支持和营养肠神经元的功能。随着脑肠研究的逐渐深入,近年来的大量研究结果刷新了这一观念,揭示了EGC在肠神经系统发育、可塑性和肠道神经免疫调节中的一系列重要功能。EGC可以对细胞外环境中的细胞因子、细菌和神经递质等免疫调节信号作出反应。其分泌的胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF),可通过自分泌和旁分泌的方式抑制EGC凋亡、降低促炎细胞因子的释放,发挥免疫抑制和抗炎作用,参与免疫屏障功能。EGC还可通过表达主要组织相容性复合体Ⅱ(MHCⅡ)发挥抗原呈递作用,以在炎症条件下维持免疫稳态。阐明EGC在肠道神经免疫调节方面的相关作用,将为EGC应用于炎症性、功能性胃肠道疾病的治疗提供新的靶点与思路。As a type of special glial cells, enteric glial cells(EGCs) have long been considered capable of only supporting and nourishing enteric neurons. With the deepening of brain-gut research, a large number of latest research results have altered this understanding, and revealed a series of important functions of EGCs in the development and plasticity of enteric nervous system, as well as enteric neuroimmunomodulation. EGCs can respond to immune regulation signals such as cytokines, bacteria and neurotransmitters in the extracellular environment. By autocrine or paracrine regulation, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF) secreted by EGCs can inhibit its apoptosis, reduce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, exert immune-suppressive and anti-inflammatory actions, and participate in the functioning of immunologic barrier. Besides, EGCs presents antigen by expressing major histocompatibility complex Ⅱ(MHC Ⅱ), so as to maintain immunity homeostasis under inflammatory conditions. The interpretation of related role of EGCs in enteric immune regulation can provide a new target and insight for the application of EGCs in treating inflammatory and functional gastrointestinal diseases.

关 键 词：肠神经胶质细胞 肠神经系统 免疫调节 综述 

分 类 号：R322.85[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学] G353.11[医药卫生—基础医学]