苹果冠层枝梢类型对光能截获效率和光合生产力影响的模拟分析  

Simulation Analysis of Effects of Shoot Type Composition on Canopy Light Interception Efficiency and Photosynthetic Productivity in Apple Trees

作　　者：张晓云 唐玉薇 王凯 张东 杨伟伟[1] ZHANG Xiaoyun;TANG Yuwei;WANG Kai;ZHANG Dong;YANG Weiwei(The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization in Xinjiang Production and Construction Group,College of Agriculture,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China;The Yangling Subsidiary Center Project of the National Apple Improvement Center,College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院,特色果树栽培生理与种质资源利用兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832000 [2]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,国家苹果改良中心杨凌分中心,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《园艺学报》2022年第4期709-722,共14页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860527);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD1000200);石河子大学高层次人才科研启动项目(RCSX201726);特色果蔬栽培生理与种质资源利用兵团重点实验室开放课题项目(002)。

摘　　要：为了探究苹果冠层枝梢类型对光能截获效率和光合生产力的影响,以苹果短枝型品种‘礼泉短富’和长枝型品种‘丽嘎拉’为试材,利用三维数字化技术结合枝梢和叶片尺度异速生长关系建立枝梢及冠层尺度的三维虚拟植物模型,利用RATP功能结构模型结合虚拟试验系统比较枝梢类型对枝梢形态结构、光能截获效率及枝梢相对比例对冠层光能截获效率和光合生产力的影响。结果表明:枝梢尺度、三维虚拟枝梢对各类枝梢叶片数及叶面积的模拟可满足光能截获分析的要求,但枝梢尺度光能截获模拟会低估长枝梢(>5 cm)的光能截获效率。双参数的Beta方程可准确模拟各类枝梢叶倾角分布,果台叶片属斜生叶,其他枝梢叶片属水平叶。果台副梢节间长度及平均叶倾角高于营养枝梢,使得其光能截获效率较营养枝梢高8%~14%。‘礼泉短富’叶片聚集度高于‘丽嘎拉’,二者光能截获效率无差异,但后者晴天和阴天条件下的冠层净光合速率和光合量都高于前者。在枝梢数量一定的条件下,果台副梢比例的提高可改善冠层光能截获效率,并提高‘礼泉短富’冠层在阴天条件下的冠层净光合速率及光合量。综上,对单个枝梢,花芽抽生的新梢光能截获效率显著高于叶芽抽生的新梢;花芽比例提高可显著改善冠层光能截获效率,并提高短枝型品种在阴天条件下的光合生产力。This research was conducted to study the effects of shoot types and their relative fractions on canopy light interception and photosynthetic capacities in both short-shoot-type’Liquan Fuji’and long-shoot-type’Regal Gala’apple trees. Three-dimensional(3D)virtual shoots for all shoot types and 3D virtual canopies for each cultivar were reconstructed by combining 3D digitizing and shoot-and leaf-scale allometric relationships. The RATP functional-structural plant model was used to estimate canopy photosynthetic productivity. The effects of relative fraction of bourse shoots and vegetative shoots on canopy light interception and photosynthetic productivity were investigated by in silico virtual experiments.The results showed that the reconstructed 3D virtual shoots had similar shoot leaf number and shoot leaf area compared to observed shoots in field,but the light interception efficiency was underestimated. The two-parameter Beta function was able to accurately describe the leaf inclination distribution for all shoot types. The leaf inclination of bourse leaves belonged to plagiophile and the leaves of other shoot types belonged to planophile. The higher internode length and leaf inclination angle for leaves of bourse and bourse shoots led to 8%–14% higher light interception efficiency compared to vegetative shoots. The ’Liquan Fuji’had higher leaf dispersion than that of’Regal Gala’,but with similar light interception efficiency. The canopy net photosynthetic rate and daily photosynthesis in’Regal Gala’were higher than that of’Liquan Fuji’regardless of under sunny or cloudy climate conditions. An increase in the fraction of bourse shoot increased the canopy light interception efficiency for both cultivars,and increased the canopy net photosynthetic rate and the total photosynthesis for’Liquan Fuji’,exclusively under cloudy conditions.In summary,at the shoot scale,the leafy shoots developed from the flower buds have a significantly higher light interception than those developed from vege

关 键 词：苹果 三维数字化 叶倾角 高纺锤形 果台副梢 三维虚拟植物 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]