利用胚挽救与分子标记选育葡萄无核抗寒新种质  

The Embryo Rescue and Molecular Markers are Used to Breed New Seedless,Cold-Resistant Grapes

作　　者：李莎莎 玉赛赛 傅雨恒 骆强伟 徐炎[1] 王跃进[1] LI Shasha;YU Saisai;FU Yuheng;LUO Qiangwei;XU Yan;WANG Yuejin(State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,College of Horticulture,Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Grapes and Melons on the Research in Xinjiang,Shanshan,Xinjiang 838200,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室,农业农村部西北地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区葡萄瓜果研究所,新疆鄯善838200

出　　处：《园艺学报》2022年第4期723-738,共16页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目。

摘　　要：以种子败育型无核葡萄为母本,中国抗寒野生种或者欧山杂交的品种为父本,通过人工大田杂交后利用胚挽救技术和分子标记选育无核抗寒葡萄新种质。在配置的14个杂交组合中,共获得杂种1021株,其中‘红宝石无核’ב北冰红’成苗率最高(18.13%),获得634株。以‘左优红’为父本时,‘火焰无核’适宜作母本;‘北冰红’和‘雪兰红’为父本时,‘红宝石无核’适宜作母本;‘北醇’为父本时,‘昆香无核’适宜作母本。通过无核分子标记SCF27和无核探针GSLP1初步筛选出132个无核株系。通过抗寒分子标记S241-717初步筛选出190个抗寒株系。在筛选的这些杂种后代中,同时具有无核和抗寒性状的株系59个。利用分子标记在‘红宝石无核’ב北冰红’和‘红宝石无核’ב雪兰红’杂种后代中筛选抗寒株系,低温处理后进行定量PCR分析,发现在抗寒与不抗寒株系中抗寒相关基因CBF1、COR27和ERD15表达存在差异,抗寒株系的抗寒基因表达明显。New germplasms of seedless and cold-resistant grapes were cultivated by embryo rescue techniques after crossing in the field and by molecular marker-assisted selection using stenospermocarpic seedless grapes as the female parents and varieties of Chinese cold-resistant wild species or hybrids from Vitis vinifera × V. amurensis as the male parents. Among the 14 hybrid combinations,a total of 1 021hybrid plantlets were obtained,among which 634 plantlets were obtained in the combination of’Ruby Seedless’ ×’Beibinghong’with the highest seedling rate of 18.13%. When’Zuoyouhong’was the male parent,’Flame Seedless’ was suitable as female parent. When’Beibinghong’and’Xuelanhong’were as the male parent,’Ruby Seedless’ was suitable as female parent. When’Beichun’as the male parent,’Kunxiang Seedless’ was suitable as female parent. A total of 132 lines related to seedlessness preliminary screened by the two seedless molecular markers SCF27 and GSLP1. A total of 190 lines related to cold-resistant were initially screened through the molecular marker S241-717. Among these hybrid progeny screened,59 lines possessed both seedless and cold-resistant traits. The grapevine cold-related genes CBF1,COR27 and ERD15 detected by qRT-PCR in the lines with or without cold-resistant traits of the hybrid progeny of’Ruby Seedless’ ×’Beibinghong’and’Ruby Seedless’ ×’Xuelanhong’under cold treatment were differential expression,and the cold-related lines showed significant expression of the cold-resistant genes.

关 键 词：葡萄 无核 抗寒 胚挽救 分子标记 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]