闽东方言的形成:地理与历史因素的交汇  

The formation of Mindong Dialect: The Intersection of Geographical and Historical Factors

作　　者：任翔宇 REN Xiang-yu(Taizhou University,Taizhou 317000,China)

机构地区：[1]台州学院,浙江台州317000

出　　处：《哈尔滨师范大学社会科学学报》2022年第2期91-95,共5页Journal of Social Science of Harbin Normal University

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“《班华字典》与19世纪末20世纪初的闽东方言”(17XYY009)。

摘　　要：闽语历史悠久,被称为“汉语的活化石”。闽东方言是闽语的次方言之一,特色鲜明,其范围覆盖福建东部的福州、宁德两市。闽东方言的形成与自然地理、行政区划、民系族群等因素密切相关。自然地理方面,因为同处闽江下游以及戴云山以东,闽东地区形成了特征较为一致的方言。行政区划方面,闽东在古代隶属福州府管辖;明成化九年,福宁直隶州设立,闽东地区北片的独立性增强;清朝正式设立福宁府,此后闽东地区形成一大一小两个政治、经济、文化中心,行政区域的切分使闽东方言内部逐渐产生歧异,最终形成南北两个片区,并一直保持至今。民系族群方面,汉末至南北朝时期,北方汉民以及江东吴人南下,把上古汉语和古江东方言播散到闽东,从而在闽东方言中深植上古汉语和古吴语的底蕴;唐末五代时期,王审知父子以福州为中心经略闽国,将10世纪的中原汉语带来闽东,为闽东方言的形成奠定坚实基础。Min language, which is called "the living fossil of Chinese", has a long history. Mindong dialect, with distinctive characteristics, is one of the sub dialects of Min language. It covers Fuzhou and Ningde in the east of Fujian. The formation of Mingdong dialect is closely related to the factors of natural geography, administrative division, ethnic groups and so on. In terms of physical geography, because it is located in the lower reaches of Minjiang River and the east of Daiyun Mountain, dialects with more consistent characteristics have been formed in East Fujian. In terms of administrative division, East Fujian was under the jurisdiction of Fuzhou government in ancient times. In the 9 th year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty, Funing Zhili Prefecture was established, and the independence of the northern part of East Fujian was enhanced. Funing Prefecture was officially established in the Qing Dynasty. Since then, East Fujian has formed two political, economic and cultural centers, one large and one small. The division of administrative regions has gradually led to differences within the Mindong dialect, and finally formed two areas, north and south, which have been maintained until now. In terms of ethnic groups, from the late Han Dynasty to the northern and Southern Dynasties, the Han people in the north and the Wu people in Jiangdong went south to spread the ancient Chinese and the ancient Jiangdong dialect to East Fujian. Thus, the ancient Chinese and ancient Wu language became the basis of Mindong dialect.During the late Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties, Wang Shenzhi and his son took Fuzhou as the center, managed the state of Fujian and brought the Central Plains Chinese to East Fujian in the 10 th century, laying a solid foundation for the formation of Mindong dialect.

关 键 词：闽东方言 自然地理 行政区划 民系族群 

分 类 号：H13[语言文字—汉语]