体操运动员后空翻落地与垂直落地的下肢生物力学比较研究  

Comparative Study of Lower-Limb Biomechanics of Backward Somersault Landing and Vertical Landing in Gymnasts

作　　者：吴成亮 郝卫亚[2] 李旭鸿[3] 肖晓飞 娄彦涛 WU Chengliang;HAOWeiya;LI Xuhong;XIAO Xiaofei;LOU Yantao(Wuhan Sports University,Wuhan 430079,China;China Institute of Sport Science,Beijing 100061,China;Hangzhou Normal University,Hang-zhou 311121,China;Binzhou Medical University,Yan-tai 264003,China;Shenyang Sport University,Shen-yang 110102,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉体育学院,湖北武汉430079 [2]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061 [3]杭州师范大学,浙江杭州311121 [4]滨州医学院,山东烟台264003 [5]沈阳体育学院,辽宁沈阳110102

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2022年第5期21-26,83,共7页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(11672080);湖北省自然科学基金项目(2021CFB422);武汉体育学院中青年科研团队项目(21KT11);武汉体育学院东湖学者计划(2021)。

摘　　要：目的:比较体操后空翻落地与垂直落地的下肢生物力学特征,评估垂直落地是否可以作为分析体操运动员落地损伤机制的合适任务。方法:中国男子体操队6名运动员完成后空翻落地和垂直落地动作测试,同步采集落地动作的运动学(250 Hz)、垂直地面反作用力(vGRF)(1000 Hz)和两侧下肢股直肌、股二头肌、胫骨前肌和腓肠肌外侧的表面肌电信号(2000 Hz),并对数据进行分析处理。结果:后空翻落地的峰值vGRF、负载率、动态稳定系数、下肢表面肌电均方根振幅显著大于垂直落地(P<0.05),踝关节背屈幅度、达到峰值vGRF时间显著小于垂直落地(P<0.05)。结论:后空翻落地比垂直落地具有更小的踝关节活动范围,更强的冲击负荷,更大的负载率、肌肉激活程度和落地站稳难度,提示,垂直落地不能反映真实体操落地动作,体操运动员落地冲击损伤研究应针对训练及比赛中完成的动作。Objective:Comparing the lower-limb biomechanics differences between vertical landing and backward somersault landing in order to determine if the vertical landing is a suit-able representative task to analyze when examining landing injury mechanisms.Methods:Six gymnasts from Chinese men’s gymnastics team were recruited to perform vertical landings and backward somersault(BS)landings.Kinematics of landing motion(250 Hz),vertical ground re-action force(vGRF)(1000 Hz),and surface EMG signals of rectus femoris,biceps femoris,an-terior tibialis and gastrocnemius on both sides of lower limbs(2000 Hz)data were simultane-ously recorded separately.Results:The BS landings had higher peak vGRFs,loading rate,dy-namic stability coefficient,and muscle activation and shorter time to peak vGRFs,and smaller ankle dorsiflexion range of motion than that of the vertical landings(P<0.05).The range of an-kle dorsiflexion and the time to reach the peak vGRF were significantly less than those of verti-cal landing(P<0.05).Conclusions:Compared with vertical landings,BS landings have smaller range of motion of ankle,greater impact forces,higher loading rate and muscle activation level,and more difficult to maintain dynamic postural stability.It is suggested that vertical landing can’t reflect the actual gymnastics landings.The research on the impact injury of gymnasts should focus on the movements in training and competition.

关 键 词：体操 生物力学 落地冲击 运动损伤 

分 类 号：G832[文化科学—体育训练]