噻吩磺隆在北方玉米土壤中的残留降解动态及对土壤细菌的影响  

Residual degradation dynamics of thifensulfuron-methyl in northern corn soils and its effect on soil bacteria

作　　者：朱承余 林杨 张萌 郑丽宁 张浩 赵晓峰 ZHU Cheng-yu;LIN Yang;ZHANG Meng;ZHENG Li-ning;ZHANG Hao;ZHAO Xiao-feng(College of Plant Protection,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学植物保护学院,长春130118

出　　处：《农药》2022年第5期358-363,377,共7页Agrochemicals

基　　金：吉林省科技厅科技攻关项目(20190301063NY)。

摘　　要：[目的]为探讨北方玉米土壤中施用不同剂量噻吩磺隆的残留降解动态及对土壤微生物的影响,揭示噻吩磺隆在北方玉米土壤中对土壤酶活性和细菌群落结构的影响。[方法]利用HPLC分析了北方玉米土壤中噻吩磺隆的残留降解动态,并且测定了土壤酶活性和土壤细菌群落结构的影响。[结果]施用不同有效剂量的噻吩磺隆(15.0、22.5、30.0、90.0 g a.i./hm^(2)),噻吩磺隆在土壤中半衰期为4.81~6.03 d;施用浓度为30.0 g、90.0 g a.i./hm^(2)的噻吩磺隆在1~20 d时土壤过氧化氢酶活性提高了0.47%~8.8%;而蔗糖酶、脲酶和磷酸酶的活性分别降低了0.67%~18.92%,2.08%~12.84%和1.50%~12.73%,20 d呈现恢复的趋势。在7、14 d时,鞘氨醇单胞菌属和溶杆菌属的相对丰度分别增长了0.89%~11.86%和24.89%~36.88%,但有益菌属中马赛菌属和假单胞菌属分别减少了4.03%~74.68%和4.37%~42.53%。随着施药剂量的增加,对土壤酶活性和有益菌属的相对丰度抑制效果增强。[结论]噻吩磺隆在北方玉米土壤中降解较慢,高剂量(90.0 g a.i./hm^(2))的噻吩磺隆对土壤酶活性和细菌群落有较大的影响。[Aims]To investigate the residual degradation dynamics and effects on soil microorganisms of different doses of thifensulfuron-methyl applied in northern maize soils,and to reveal the effects of thifensulfuron-methyl on soil enzyme activities and bacterial community structure in northern maize soils.[Methods]The residual degradation dynamics of thifensulfuron-methyl in northern corn soils was analyzed using HPLC,and the effects of soil enzyme activity and soil bacterial community structure were determined.[Results]The half-life of thifensulfuron-methyl in soil ranged from 4.81 to 6.03 d when different effective doses of thifensulfuron-methyl were applied(15.0,22.5,30.0 and 90.0 g a.i./ha);soil catalase activities was enhanced 0.47 to 8.8%at 1-20 d by application of thifensulfuron-methyl at concentrations of 30.0 and 90.0 g a.i./ha,while invertase,urease and phosphatase activities decreased by 0.67-18.92,2.08-12.84 and 1.50-12.73%,respectively,showing a recovery trend at 20 d.At 7 and 14 d,the relative abundance of Sphingomonas and Lysobacter increased by 0.89-11.86 and 24.89-36.88%,respectively,but the relative abundance of the beneficial genera Massilia and Pseudomonas were decreased by 4.03-74.68 and 4.37-42.53%,respectively.The inhibitory effect on soil enzyme activity and relative abundance of beneficial bacterial genera increased with increasing application dose.[Conclusions]Slow degradation of thifensulfuron-methyl in northern corn soils,the high dose(90.0 g a.i./ha)ofthifensulfuron-methyl had a greater effect on soil enzyme activityand beneficial bacterial communities.

关 键 词：噻吩磺隆 降解动态 土壤酶 细菌群落结构 

分 类 号：TQ450.2[化学工程—农药化工]