美国海权理论的发展演进与“分布式杀伤”概念研究  

A Study of the Evolution of American Sea Power Theory and the Concept of“Distributed Lethality”

作　　者：杨震 Yang Zhen

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院东北亚研究中心,上海201207 [2]复旦大学南亚研究中心

出　　处：《亚太安全与海洋研究》2022年第3期47-63,I0003,共18页Asia-Pacific Security and Maritime Affairs

基　　金：中国海洋发展研究会重点课题“‘海洋命运共同体’视角下的东海问题研究”(编号:CAMAZD201911);南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海)资助项目(编号:SML2020SP005)。

摘　　要：美国是当今国际体系中的霸权国家,也是最大的海洋国家。其海权理论发展的创始阶段,以马汉海权论的诞生为标志。第二阶段的标志性理论是莱曼的制海权理论。第三个阶段以美国海军战略转型为标志,是海权理论在信息化战争时代的发展与演进。美国海军的战略转型的第一阶段,是以《由海向陆——为美国海军进入21世纪做准备》体现的作战概念为代表,侧重于运用制海权;第二阶段则以“分布式杀伤”概念为主,显示美国海权理论重回夺取制海权老路。以“分布式杀伤”概念为代表的美国海军战略转型新阶段,注重新技术的运用、服务于大国竞争理念以及强调水面舰艇的作战应用。“分布式杀伤”概念的推进,恶化了大国关系,并在地缘政治领域激化海权矛盾,加大反干预作战难度。对此,应从强化电子战能力、提高反舰作战能力等方面入手,进行有效应对与反制。The United States is the hegemonic country in the current international system and the largest maritime country.The founding stage of the development of her sea power theory is marked by the birth of Mahan's theory of sea power.The landmark theory of the second stage is Lehman's theory of Command of the seas.The third stage,marked by the strategic transformation of the US Navy,is the development and evolution of sea power theory in the age of information warfare.The first stage of the U.S.Navy's strategic transformation is represented by the operational concept embodied in the report“From the Sea:Preparing the Naval Service for the 21st Century”,focusing on the use of sea dominance.The second stage is based on“Distributed Lethality”concept,showing that the United States’sea power theory has returned to its emphasis on seizing sea power.This new stage of the US Navy's strategic transformation represented by“Distributed Lethality”focuses on the application of new technologies,the purpose of serving Great-Power competition,and the deployment of surface ships in combats.The promotion of this“Distributed Lethality”concept has worsened the relations between major powers,intensified the contradiction between sea power in the geopolitical fields,and increased the difficulty of anti-intervention operations.In this regard,China should strengthen electronic warfare capabilities and improve the anti-ship combat abilities.

关 键 词：美国 海权理论 分布式杀伤 海军 战略转型 

分 类 号：D871.2[政治法律—政治学]