跨境数据治理体系的多维变革及因应之策  

Multidimensional Changes in Cross-Border Data Governance System and the Countermeasures

作　　者：黄炎[1] HUANG Yan(East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学国际法学院,上海201620

出　　处：《太平洋学报》2022年第4期57-69,共13页Pacific Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“数字社会的法律治理体系与立法变革”(20&ZD177)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：伴随数字经济全球化的不断推进,国家间的数字治理鸿沟日益加深,以数字平台为主的私营主体逐渐成为跨境数据治理体系中一股不可忽视的重要力量。在全球性数据合作受阻的背景之下,部分国家逐渐转向区域治理、双边治理甚至单边治理。这对跨境数据治理体系产生了深远影响,表现在从个人隐私到国家安全的理念更新,从一元管理到多元治理的主体赋能,从自由流动到数据主权的原则设定,从域内管辖到长臂管辖的模式转变,以及由单一转向多样碎片的规则构建。未来我国应立足于数据主权原则,平衡数据保护和数据流动的立场,兼顾国家安全与隐私保护理念,探索政府与私营部门共治格局,打造我国数据法域外效力之“矛”,构筑阻断外国数据法在我国适用之“盾”,推动构建多边和诸边的跨境数据治理规则,构建“攻防兼备”的跨境数据治理体系。Along with the continuous advancement of the globalization of digital economy,the digital governance gap between countries is deepening,and private entities,mainly digital platforms,are gradually becoming an important force that cannot be ignored in the cross-border data governance system.Against the background of global data cooperation being hindered,some countries are gradually turning to regional governance,bilateral governance or even unilateral governance.This has had a profound impact on the crossborder data governance system,which is manifested in the renewal of the concept from personal privacy to national security,the empowerment of subjects from monolithic management to pluralistic governance,the setting of principles from free flow to data sovereignty,the paradigm shift from intra-domain jurisdiction to long-arm jurisdiction,and the construction of rules from single to diverse fragments.In the future,we should base on the principle of data sovereignty,balance the position of data protection and data flow,take into account the concept of national security and privacy protection,explore the pattern of joint governance between the government and the private sector,build the“spear”of the extraterritorial effectiveness of China's data law,construct the“shield”of blocking the application of foreign data law,and promote the construction of multilateral and plurilateral rules for cross-border data governance,and build a cross-border data governance system that is both offensive and defensive.

关 键 词：数据跨境 数据治理 数据主权 “长臂管辖” 多边规则 

分 类 号：D996[政治法律—经济法学]