犬瘟热病毒感染雪貂的临床症状及其治疗探究  

Clinical Symptoms and Treatment of Canine Distemper Virus Infection in Ferrets

作　　者：潘虹军 陈杰 龚成燕 胡博[2] 白雪[2] 王全凯[1] 赵建军 PAN Hongjun;CHEN Jie;GONG Chengyan;HU Bo;BAI Xue;WANG Quankai;ZHAO Jianjun(Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun,Jilin 130118,China;Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease,Ministry of Agriculture,Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changchun,Jilin 130112,China;Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural Reclamation University,Daqing,Heilongjiang 158308,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学,吉林长春130118 [2]中国农业科学院特产研究所农业部经济动物疫病重点实验室,吉林长春130122 [3]黑龙江八一农垦大学,黑龙江大庆158308

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2022年第4期71-78,共8页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0501600);国家自然科学科学基金项目(31972714);中国农业科学院基本科研业务费专项院级统筹项目(Y2019XK02)。

摘　　要：犬瘟热(Canine distemper,CD)是由犬瘟热病毒(Canine distemper virus,CDV)引起的高死亡率的烈性传染病,对宠物、毛皮动物及野生动物有较大的影响。接种疫苗是预防CD的主要措施,但部分动物接种疫苗后仍有发病现象。目前多采用抗病毒和消炎结合的方式对CDV感染发病的动物进行治疗,但药物搭配方案需要优化以发挥更好的治疗效果。为了评估感染CDV后发病特点和治疗方案,该研究通过CDV感染后临床症状赋分标准设置、淋巴细胞数和排毒时间检测、病变观察以及治疗效果评价,建立了雪貂CDV感染的临床症状指标体系。试验结果显示,雪貂体重变化率在接毒后第8天超过10%(P<0.05);第5~14天直肠温度39.5~40.0℃;第9天发现脓性分泌物;少量红疹第8天出现;第7天后出现食欲废绝,第9天发现抽搐、转圈等神经症状;第6天发现腹泻,第7天发现呕吐,第9天出现便血。犬瘟热症状分数在接毒后0~3 d、4~6 d、7~9 d、10~14 d分别为0.5、6、12.25和14。雪貂淋巴细胞数在第7天下降到2.2×10^(3)/μL(P<0.05)。从第3天开始排毒直到试验结束。剖检可见脑轻微出血、肝肿胀和出血、脾充血、肺红肿并充血、肾肿大并发炎、肠有出血。经CDV抗体血清(0.5 mL,1次/d)、拜有利(0.1 mL,1次/d)、安乃近(0.5 mL,2次/d)、盐酸肾上腺素(0.1 mL,休克时使用)、维生素B_(1)和维生素B_(12)(0.5 mL,1次/d)联合给予的方式治疗感染雪貂,结果显示症状在治疗11 d后消失。以上研究结果表明,雪貂感染CDV后临床症状程度与淋巴细胞数、排毒和剖检结果相关,该研究选用的治疗方案对CDV感染雪貂有较好的治疗效果,为雪貂犬瘟热感染的早期诊断和治疗提供重要的参考。Canine distemper(CD)is an infectious disease with a high mortality caused by canine distemper virus(CDV),which has a great impact on pets,fur animals and wild animals.Vaccination is a major measure to prevent CD,but some animals still get the disease after vaccination.At present,anti-virus and anti-inflammatory combinative methods are often used to treat CDV infected animals,but the drug matching needs to be optimized to enjoy a better therapeutic effect.To understand the pathogenesis and evaluate the therapeutic strategy of canine distemper virus(CDV)infection,ferrets were used as animal model to define the symptom scoring criteria for post CDV infection.In addition,the number of lymphocytes and the time of detoxification,pathological changes and the effects of treatments against CDV infection were observed to establish a clinical symptom index system for CDV infection in ferrets.Results showed that ferrets lost more than 10%of their body weight at 8 days after the infection(dpc,P<0.05)with the rectal temperature at 39.5~40.0℃at 5~14 dpc.Purulent secretion was found at 9 dpc accompanied by central nervous system symptoms such as convulsion and rotation.Ferrets started to lose appetite at 7 dpc and showed a small amount of rash at 8 dpc.In addition,diarrhea,vomiting and bloody stool were found at 6,7 and 9 dpc,respectively.The symptomatic scores of canine distemper viral infection in ferrets were 0.5,6,12.25 and 14 at 0~3,4~7,7~9 and 10~14 dpc,respectively.The lymphocyte number of ferret decreased to 2.2×10^(3)μL at 7 dpc(P<0.05),and the detoxification started from the 3 dpc until the end of the experiment.The autopsy results showed slight hemorrhage in brain,swelling and hemorrhage in liver,congestion in spleen,redness and congestion in lung,swelling and inflammation in kidney and hemorrhage in intestine.The infected ferrets were treated with CDV antibody serum(0.5 mL,once a day),Baytril(0.1 mL,once a day),analgin(0.5mL,twice a day),adrenaline hydrochloride(0.1 mL,used in shock),vitamin B1 and vitamin B12(0.

关 键 词：犬瘟热 雪貂 临床症状 治疗方案 

分 类 号：S852.65[农业科学—基础兽医学]