贵州雷公山国家级自然保护区原住民村落与周边保护地鸟类多样性差异  

Differences in Bird Diversity Between Indigenous Communities and Surrounding Protected Areas in the Leigongshan National Nature Reserve,Guizhou

作　　者：盛尚 朱芸 刘宇 郑进凤 余永富 李扬 张凯 徐雨[1] SHENG Shang;ZHU Yun;LIU Yu;ZHENG Jinfeng;YU Yongfu;LI Yang;ZHANG Kai;XU Yu(School of Life Sciences,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550025,China;School of Life Sciences,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Administration of Leigongshan National Nature Reserve,Leishan,Guizhou Province 557199,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学生命科学学院,贵阳550025 [2]西南大学生命科学学院,重庆400715 [3]雷公山国家级自然保护区管理局,贵州雷山557199

出　　处：《四川动物》2022年第3期313-320,共8页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委员会-贵州省人民政府喀斯特科学研究中心项目(U1812401);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合LH字[2017]7369号)。

摘　　要：为分析贵州雷公山国家级自然保护区原住民村落与周边保护地间鸟类多样性的差异,于2018年7月、2019年8月使用样点法对保护区7个苗族原住民村落及周边保护地(共设置208个样点:村落44个、周边保护地164个)进行鸟类调查。共记录到鸟类64种,隶属于7目30科。其中,东洋界物种67.2%,古北界物种21.9%,广布种10.9%;中国特有鸟类2种。在样点尺度上,村落内的鸟类物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener指数、Chao1指数均显著高于周边保护地;但在景观尺度上,村落内鸟类物种累积值与周边保护地无显著差别。再者,村落和周边保护地的鸟类群落组成有一定差异。本研究认为,村落内种植的农作物、民族传统保护文化所营造出的特殊生境可能有助于一些鸟类的生存和繁殖,但单一生境或同质化的景观可能导致物种组成相似度较高,从而在景观尺度上未能促进鸟类多样性。建议合理考虑原住民村落对生物多样性的影响,调整农业景观中植被的配置,以促进保护区的管理建设与生物多样性保护。To explore the differences of bird diversity between indigenous communities and surrounding protected areas in the Leigongshan National Nature Reserve,Guizhou Province,this study investigated the bird resources in 7 indigenous communities and their surrounding protected areas using the point-count method in July 2018 and August 2019.A total of 208 sample points were set up,including 44 in the indigenous communities and 164 in the surrounding protected areas.Finally,64 bird species belonging to 30 families and 7 orders were recorded.The Oriental,Palaearctic and widespread species accounted for 67.2%,21.9%and 10.9%of the total,respectively.Among the detected species,Chinese bamboo partridge(Bambusicola thoracicus)and yellow-bellied tit(Pardaliparus venustulus)were endemic in China.Points scale and landscape scale were used to compare the differences of bird species diversity between indigenous communities and the surrounding protected areas.The analysis showed that on the point scale,the bird species richness,Shannon-Wiener index,and Chao1 index in the indigenous communities were significantly higher than those in the surrounding protected areas.However,there was no significant difference in the bird species accumulation curve between the indigenous communities and the surrounding protected areas on the landscape scale.In addition,the composition of bird community differed between the indigenous communities and the surrounding protected areas.We conclude that crops grown in indigenous communities and specific habitats conserved under the traditional culture may help the survival and breeding of some specific bird species.By contrast,single habitat type or landscape homogeneity in indigenous communities may lead to high similarity of species composition between patches.These may limit the effectiveness of indigenous communities on promoting bird diversity on the landscape scale.Therefore,it is suggested that the managers should understand the role of indigenous communities in protecting biodiversity.Vegetation confi

关 键 词：保护区 原住民 村落 保护地 鸟类多样性 

分 类 号：Q959.7[生物学—动物学]