黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错带风蚀对砂质壤土迎风坡水蚀特征的影响  

Influence of Wind Erosion on Water Erosion Characteristics of Sandy Loam on Windward Loess Slopes in the Wind-Water Erosion Crisscross Region of Loess Plateau

作　　者：白茹茹 张加琼 邓鑫欣[1] 李志凤 南琼 BAI Ruru;ZHANG Jiaqiong;DENG Xinxin;LI Zhifeng;NAN Qiong(State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100;College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学资源与环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2022年第3期30-36,43,共8页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42077068,41671281)。

摘　　要：为明确风水交错侵蚀中风力和水力侵蚀的相互影响,针对风向和径流方向相反(迎风坡)的交错侵蚀,采用人工模拟降雨与风洞试验研究前期风蚀对后继水蚀的影响。结果表明:(1)受前期风蚀影响,后继水蚀产流时间均较仅水蚀提前,径流强度较仅水蚀增大。(2)前期风蚀加剧后继水蚀却未改变其变化趋势。无论是否有前期风蚀影响,后继水蚀速率随降雨历时增加均逐渐增大而后趋于平稳;但当前期风蚀的风速较大时(12,15 m/s),后继水蚀速率较仅水蚀增大最显著,其侵蚀速率高达仅水蚀速率的4.6倍。(3)受前期风蚀影响,水蚀对风水交错总侵蚀的贡献高于仅水蚀在仅水蚀与仅风蚀侵蚀量之和的比例。前期风蚀对后继水蚀起明显的促进作用。但随风蚀风速增大,水蚀对交错侵蚀的贡献从93%逐渐减小到0.5%。未来的研究中应考虑多次营力叠加和地形(迎风坡-背风坡)对交错侵蚀过程的影响,从而为理清风蚀和水蚀间复杂的交互作用奠定基础。This study focused on wind-water erosion that wind direction and runoff direction were opposite(i.e.,windward slope)for understanding the interactions between wind and water erosion in the wind-water erosion processes using artificial simulated rainfall and wind tunnel experiments.Results showed that:(1)The prophase wind erosion resulted in the advanced runoff and increased intensity in water erosion compared with the single water erosion without wind erosion.(2)Water erosion rates were increased by the prophase wind erosion,yet rather than its changing tendency.Water erosion rates increased gradually and then tended to be stable over time during rainfall experiments regardless of whether the prophase wind erosion occurred or not.Particularly at relatively large wind velocities(12 and 15 m/s),an increase occurred in the water erosion rates,which could reach up to 4.6 times of the water erosion only.(3)The proportion of water erosion in wind-water erosion was always larger than that of water erosion in the sum of water erosion only and wind erosion only.This indicated that the prophase wind erosion obviously intensified water erosion.However,the contribution of water erosion to wind-water erosion decreased significantly(from 93% to 0.5%)with the increase of wind speed.Future research should consider the impacts of multiple occurrence of wind and water,and typical windward-leeward slope topography on crisscross erosion,to further explore the complicated interactions between wind and water erosions.

关 键 词：迎风坡 水蚀速率 风—水交错侵蚀 产沙过程 促进作用 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]