滇池流域不同植被覆盖土壤的入渗特征及其影响因素  

Soil Infiltration Characteristics and Influencing Factors Under Different Vegetation Cover Types in Dianchi Lake Basin

作　　者：何苗苗 刘芝芹[1] 王克勤[1] 雷祖团 HE Miaomiao;LIU Zhiqin;WANG Keqin;LEI Zutuan(College of Ecology and Environment,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650000)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学生态与环境学院,昆明650000

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2022年第3期181-187,共7页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(20200015);国家自然科学基金项目(41761098);云南省高校优势特色重点学科(生态学)建设项目。

摘　　要：为掌握滇中高原滇池流域周边不同植被覆盖类型对土壤入渗性能的影响,选用双环入渗法探究土壤入渗特性。以滇池流域典型植被覆盖类型(华山松+云南油杉混交林、云南松纯林、旱冬瓜+麻栎混交林、桉树人工林、灌木林)为研究对象,通过野外调查和试验测定,揭示土壤入渗特性及影响入渗的特征因子。结果表明:(1)华山松+云南油杉混交林与云南松纯林、旱冬瓜+麻栎混交林、桉树人工林、灌木林相比,土壤容重最小,有机质含量最高,水稳性团聚体最多,孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度比例明显优于其他林地。(2)5种植被覆盖类型下入渗性能有明显差别,具体入渗性能表征为华山松+云南油杉混交林>旱冬瓜+麻栎混交林>灌木林>云南松纯林>桉树人工林。(3)选择Kostiakov公式、Horton公式、Philip公式,模拟5种典型植被类型覆盖下林地土壤入渗过程,Philip模型对滇池流域土壤入渗过程的拟合效果最佳。(4)5种典型植被类型覆盖下,林地土壤入渗特征与土壤容重均呈显著负相关(P<0.05),初始入渗速率与非毛管孔隙度、>5 mm水稳性团聚体、>2 mm水稳性团聚体均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);土壤入渗的5个主要影响因子为>2 mm水稳性团聚体、>5 mm水稳性团聚体、容重、有机质、非毛管孔隙度。研究结果为该研究区水土流失治理和土壤侵蚀防治提供基础依据。In order to master the effects on soil infiltration performance of different vegetation cover types around Dianchi Lake Basin in Central Yunnan Plateau,double ring infiltration method was used to explore soil infiltration characteristics.Taking the typical vegetation cover types of Pinus armandii Franch.+Keteleeria evelyniana Mast.mixed forest,Pinus yunnanensis pure forest,Alnus nepalensis D.Don+Quercus acutissima Carruth.mixed forest,Eucalyptus robusta Smith artificial forest and shrub forest in Dianchi Lake Basin as the research objects,soil infiltration characteristics and its influencing were studied through field investigation and experimental measure.The results showed that:(1)Compared with P.yunnanensis pure forest,A.nepalensis D.Don+Q.acutissima Carruth.mixed forest and E.robusta Smith artificial forest and shrub forest,P.armandii Franch.+K.evelyniana Mast.mixed forest had the lowest soil bulk density,the highest content of organic matter,the most water stable aggregates,and the proportion of porosity and non capillary porosity.(2)Soil infiltration performance significantly differed under different vegetation cover types,which listed in the following order:P.armandii Franch.+K.evelyniana Mast.mixed forest>A.nepalensis D.Don+Q.acutissima Carruth.mixed forest>shrub forest>P.yunnanensis pure forest>E.robusta Smith artificial forest.(3)Kostiakov formula,Horton formula,and Philip formula were selected to simulate the soil infiltration process of forest land under five typical vegetation types.Through data comparison,it could be seen that Philip model had the best fitting effect on the soil infiltration process of Dianchi Lake Basin.(4)Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between soil infiltration characteristics and soil bulk density under five typical vegetation types(P<0.05),and there were significant positive correlations between initial infiltration rate and non-capillary porosity,>5 mm water stable aggregate content,and>2 mm water stable aggregate content(P<0.01).P

关 键 词：滇池流域 土壤入渗 植被覆盖类型 影响因素 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]