稻田水资源利用效用的灌排模式响应  

Experimental Study on Effect of Irrigation Mode on Generalized Water Resources Utility in Paddy Rice Field

作　　者：李玥瑶 吴梦洋 操信春[1] 汤树海 LI Yueyao;WU Mengyang;CAO Xinchun;TANG Shuhai(College of Agricultural Science and Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098;Lianshui Water Conservancy Research Institute,Huaian,Jiangsu 223200)

机构地区：[1]河海大学农业科学与工程学院,南京210098 [2]涟水县水利科学研究站,江苏淮安223200

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2022年第3期213-219,227,共8页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51979074)。

摘　　要：为全面揭示稻田水资源利用效用,在观测浅水勤灌(FI)、浅湿灌溉(WI)、控制灌溉(CI)和蓄水控灌(RI)处理试验小区田间水量平衡的基础上,建立了灌溉水、降水消耗通量区分方法及其利用效用评价指标体系,分析了水资源利用效用的灌排模式响应。结果表明:田间灌溉水和降水消耗量、有效利用率及水分生产力均受灌排模式的影响;2017-2018年各处理水资源消耗量为695.9~999.1 mm,其中CI处理水资源消耗量最低,并且消耗结构更加合理。CI处理的灌溉水生产力(IWP,5.392 kg/m^(3))、降水生产力(PWP,1.539 kg/m^(3))以及水资源生产力(WRP,1.364 kg/m^(3))综合表现出其水资源产出能力最强;灌溉效率(IE)、降水利用率(PE)及广义水利用系数(GE)的平均值分别为0.472,0.406,0.693,且处理间的差异小于产出能力指标。基于灌溉水、降水消耗通量区分的水资源利用效用评价指标体系可以真实而全面地衡量农业生产中水资源表现,特别是在降水频繁的生育季。研究结果可为农业用水效率评价和稻田灌排模式制定提供理论基础。The aim of current study was to reveal the utility of irrigation and rain water resources in paddy fields.Based on the observation of the field water balance in experimental plots with frequent and shallow irrigation(FI),wet-shallow irrigation(WI),controlled irrigation(CI)and rain-catching and controlled irrigation(RI)treatments,this study established the classification method of consumption fluxes of irrigation water and precipitation and the evaluation index system of utilization utility.The response of irrigation and drainage mode of water resources utilization was analyzed.The results showed that water consumption,effective utilization rate and water productivity were all affected by irrigation and drainage mode.In 2017-2018,the water resources consumption of all treatments varied in the range of 695.9~999.1 mm,among which the water resources consumption in CI treatment were the lowest,and the consumption structure was more reasonable.The irrigation water productivity(IWP,5.392 kg/m^(3)),the precipitation productivity(PWP,1.539 kg/m^(3))and the water resources productivity(WRP,1.364 kg/m^(3))in CI treatment all showed the highest water resources production capacity.The irrigation efficiency(IE),precipitation use rate(PE)and generalized water efficiency(GE)were 0.472,0.406 and 0.693,respectively,which the differences among treatments were less than the differences among treatments about productivity indexes.The water resources utility evaluation index system based on the distinction between irrigation water and precipitation consumption flux could truly measure the performance of water resources in agricultural production,especially in the growing season with frequent precipitation.The results can provide theoretical basis for the evaluation of agricultural water resources utility and the formulation of paddy field irrigation and drainage mode.

关 键 词：广义水资源 农业用水效率 评价指标 稻田 灌排模式 

分 类 号：S271[农业科学—农业水土工程]