非灌溉季节施加生物炭对滴灌棉田土壤结构及水热特性的影响  

Effects of Biochar Application During the Non-irrigation Season on Soil Structure and Hydrothermal Characterstics in Drip Irrigated Cotton Field

作　　者：邹瑞晗 吕德生[1,2] 王振华 朱艳[1,2] 宗睿 ZOU Ruihan;Lü Desheng;WANG Zhenhua;ZHU Yan;ZONG Rui(School of Water Conservancy and Construction Engineering,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000;Key Laboratory of Modern Water Saving Irrigation Corps,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆石河子832000 [2]现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2022年第3期220-227,共8页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51869027);兵团重大科技项目(2021AA003)。

摘　　要：为探究在非灌溉季节施加生物炭对滴灌棉田耕层土壤水热特性和三相结构的调控效应。设置生物炭15(B_(1)),30(B_(2)),45(B_(3)),60(B_(4)),0(B_(0))t/hm^(2)5个施加量,分析其对新疆滴灌棉田非灌溉季节耕层土壤(0—40 cm)三相结构、总孔隙度、土壤温度和土壤含水率的影响。结果表明:与对照处理相比,施炭处理使土壤固相体积降低2.58%~10.74%,总孔隙度增加3.38%~12.05%;同时,施炭处理的融后土壤质量含水率较对照处理提高1.07%~2.65%;施炭处理的土壤导热系数降低,土壤耕层最低温度增加0.34~2.15℃,最大温差缩小0.47~2.14℃。基于以上土壤结构和水热特性指标进行主成分分析得出,综合得分最高的处理为B_(3),其次为B_(2)。非灌溉季节施加生物炭有利于改善土壤三相结构,增加土壤总孔隙度,增强土壤保墒保温能力。新疆滴灌棉田非灌溉季节生物炭最佳施用量为30~45 t/hm^(2)。This study aimed to investigate the effect of biochar application on the soil hydrothermal characteristics and three-phase structure in the cultivated layer of drip irrigated cotton fields during the non-irrigation season.Five biochar application amounts,15(B_(1)),30(B_(2)),45(B_(3)),60(B_(4))and 0(B_(0))t/hm^(2),were set to analyze their effects on the three-phase structure,total porosity,soil temperature and soil moisture content of topsoil(0-40 cm)in non-irrigation season of drip irrigation cotton field in Xinjiang.After the non-irrigation season,compared with the control,the soil solid volume decreased by 2.58%~10.74% and the total porosity increased by 3.38%~12.05%.At the same time,the soil moisture contents of carbon application treatments increased by 1.07%~2.65% compared with the control.The soil thermal conductivity decreased,and the soil thermal insulation effect increased.The minimum temperature of soil plough layer in non-irrigation season increased by 0.34~2.15℃,and the maximum temperature difference decreased by 0.47~2.14℃.In addition,based on the above soil structure and hydrothermal characteristics of principal component analysis,the highest comprehensive score was B_(3),followed by B_(2).In conclusion,biochar application in non-irrigation season was beneficial to improve soil three-phase structure,increase soil total porosity and enhance soil moisture and heat preservation ability.The best application amount of biochar in non-irrigation season of drip irrigation cotton field in Xinjiang should be 30~45 t/hm^(2).

关 键 词：生物炭 非灌溉季节 滴灌棉田 土壤三相结构 土壤水热特性 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学]