生物炭配施硝化/脲酶抑制剂对亚热带水稻土活性氮气体排放的影响  

Effects of biochar combined with nitrification/urease inhibitors on soil active nitrogen emissions from subtropical paddy soils

作　　者：黄佳佳 何莉莉 刘玉学[2,3] 吕豪豪 汪玉瑛[2,3] 陈照明 陈金媛[1] 杨生茂 HUANG Jia-jia;HE Li-li;LIU Yu-xue;LYU Hao-hao;WANG Yu-ying;CHEN Zhao-ming;CHEN Jin-yuan;YANG Sheng-mao(College of Environmental Sciences,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310014,China;Institute of Environment,Resources,Soil and Fertilizer,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021,China;Zhejiang Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center,Hangzhou 310021,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学环境学院,杭州310014 [2]浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所,杭州310021 [3]浙江省生物炭工程技术研究中心,杭州310021

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2022年第4期1027-1036,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金项目(LY21D010003,LQ19C150005);浙江省重点研发计划项目(2019C02017);国家自然科学基金项目(41807088)资助。

摘　　要：探究施用生物炭和脲酶抑制剂/硝化抑制剂对亚热带水稻土氮素硝化过程的调控作用、氨挥发和N_(2)O排放的温室效应潜能的影响,确定生物炭与硝化和脲酶抑制剂的最佳组合,可为削减施用氮肥带来的活性氮气体排放对环境的负面风险提供理论依据。本研究采用室内好气培养试验方式,以单施尿素(N)为对照,设置7个试验处理[尿素+生物炭(NB),尿素+硝化抑制剂(N+NI),尿素+脲酶抑制剂(N+UI),尿素+硝化抑制剂+脲酶抑制剂(N+NIUI),尿素+硝化抑制剂+生物炭(NB+NI),尿素+脲酶抑制剂+生物炭(NB+UI),尿素+硝化抑制剂+脲酶抑制剂+生物炭(NB+NIUI)],观测生物炭与脲酶抑制剂(NBPT)/硝化抑制剂(DMPP)配施下土壤无机氮含量、N_(2)O排放及氨挥发的变化动态。结果表明:1)培养期间,与N处理(5.11 mg N·kg^(-1)·d^(-1))相比,NB处理的土壤硝化速率常数显著增加33.9%,N+NI处理显著降低22.9%;NB处理显著提高了氨氧化细菌(AOB)丰度,增幅达56.0%。2)与N处理相比,N+NI和NB+NI处理的NH;累积排放量均显著增加约49%;N+UI处理降低了NH;累积损失量,NB+UI处理抑制效果更明显。3)各处理的N_(2)O排放速率高峰均出现在施肥后前10 d^(-1) NB处理的N_(2)O排放高峰出现最早,N处理排放速率最高(5.87μg·kg^(-1)·h;);硝化抑制剂与脲酶抑制剂配施减少土壤N_(2)O排放的效果最佳。综合计算各处理直接N_(2)O和间接N_(2)O(NH;)排放产生的温室效应潜能(GWP)发现,N+NI和NB+NI处理较N处理分别增加了34.8%和40.9%,而NB和NB+UI处理的GWP显著降低了45.9%和60.5%。因此,生物炭与脲酶抑制剂配施对降低土壤活性氮气体排放所产生的温室效应潜能效果最佳。We examined the effects of biochar and urease inhibitors/nitrification inhibitors on nitrification process, ammonia and N_(2)O emission in subtropical soil, and determined the best combination of biochar with nitrification and urease inhibitors. This work could provide a theoretical basis for the mitigation of the negative environmental risk caused by reactive nitrogen gas in the application of nitrogen fertilizer. A indoor aerobic culture test was conducted with seven treatments [urea+biochar(NB), urea+nitrification inhibitor(N+NI), urea+urease inhibitor(N+UI), urea+nitrification inhibitor+urease inhibitor(N+NIUI), urea+nitrification inhibitor+biochar(NB+NI), urea+urease inhibitor+biochar(NB+UI), urea+nitrification inhibitor+urease inhibitor+biochar(NB+NIUI)] and urea(N) as the control. The dynamics of soil inorganic nitrogen content, N_(2)O emission and the volatility of ammonia volatilization were observed under combined application of biochar with urease inhibitor(NBPT)/nitrification inhibitor(DMPP). The results showed that: 1)Compared to the control(5.11 mg N·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)) during the incubation period, NB treatment significantly increased the rate constant of nitrification by 33.9%, and N+NI treatment significantly reduced the nitrification rate constant by 22.9%. NB treatment significantly increased the abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria(AOB) by 56.0%. 2) Compared with N treatment, N+NI and NB+NI treatments signi-ficantly enhanced the cumulative emission of NH;by 49%. The N+UI treatment reduced the cumulative loss of NH;. The inhibition effect of NB+UI treatment was more significant. 3) The emission rate of N_(2)O was highest in the first 10 days after fertilization. The N_(2)O emission under NB treatment was the earliest, and that of N treatment was the highest(5.87 μg·kg^(-1)·h;). The combined application of DMPP and NBPT performed the best in reducing soil N_(2)O emission. We estimated global warming potential(GWP) of the direct N_(2)O and indirect N_(2)O(NH;) emissions. Compared with N treat

关 键 词：生物炭 氮肥增效剂 气态氮损失 温室效应潜能 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]